France (RTE) ride-through requirements
Low-voltage ride-through for France. Every breakpoint below is read from the code itself, and carries the clause it came from — so you can check it, not just cite it.
What is the low-voltage ride-through envelope for France (RTE)?
The plant must ride through for any voltage that stays on or above this envelope. The envelope holds 0 pu from t = 0 to 150 ms; then ramps linearly from 0 pu at 150 ms to 0.85 pu at 1.5 s; then 0.85 pu from 1.5 s onward — the last band the envelope defines, with no stated end time.
The clause states this boundary as a line; intermediate points are interpolated between its stated vertices.
Applies to Type D power park modules connected to RTE (≥110 kV)
| From | To | Voltage | Between the points |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 150 ms | 0 pu | Held flat |
| 150 ms | 1.5 s | 0 → 0.85 pu | Ramps linearly |
| 1.5 s | no stated end | 0.85 pu | Held flat |
The clause this came from
RTE Documentation Technique de Référence, Chapitre 5, Article 5.1.1 (version 1.2, applicable 03/08/2020), §4.6.1, Figure 10 'Gabarit creux de tension unité PPM type D' (axes 0 / 150 / 1500 ms, 0 % / 85 % / 100 % Un); implements arrêté du 9 juin 2020 / Règlement (UE) 2016/631 art. 16. The code defines a linear recovery ramp; the vertices are read from the clause and the chart draws the segment between them.
How long must the plant keep operating outside nominal voltage under France (RTE)?
The ride-through envelope above answers how deep a disturbance the plant must survive. These bands answer the other question France (RTE) settles: how long it must keep operating at a voltage that is off nominal but steady.
A blue band ending in an arrow runs on, because the code states no end for it; a copper bar stops at the time the code prints, and only that right-hand end is data — every bar starts at the left edge of the axis; a hatched row is a band the code gives no time for at all.
RTE states a separate table per connection voltage level (§3.4.2); 1 pu is that level's own base, and at the 225 kV level 1 pu = 220 kV. These tables run down to 63 kV, below the ≥110 kV boundary in this page's hero tile — that boundary is the scope of the ride-through envelope above, and §3.4.2 reaches further. At 90 and 63 kV the top band's 5 minutes is stated AT the top-of-band voltage, not across the band, and the 0.80–0.85 pu band carries no duration at all: both levels ask the plant to stay connected as long as possible, and at 90 kV the cell adds 'without tripping on voltage'.
Steady-state voltage operating bands — 400 kV
Voltage at the connection point (point de raccordement) in pu, 1 pu = 400 kV
Steady-state voltage operating bands — 225 kV and 150 kV
Voltage at the connection point (point de raccordement) in pu, 1 pu = 220 kV at the 225 kV level and 1 pu = 150 kV at the 150 kV level (the two levels state identical bands)
Steady-state voltage operating bands — 90 kV
Voltage at the connection point (point de raccordement) in pu, 1 pu = 90 kV
Steady-state voltage operating bands — 63 kV
Voltage at the connection point (point de raccordement) in pu, 1 pu = 63 kV
Operating requirements beyond the envelopes.
The figures above are what France (RTE) demands during a disturbance and while it sits off nominal. The rows below are the same regime’s operating and fault-response requirements — reactive capability, frequency response, continuous operating range, ramp rate, RoCoF withstand and fault-current injection — each researched from the document its own row cites, separately from the plotted corpus. Every row carries its clause and a verbatim quote, so you can check it the same way, including the continuous-operating-range row the staircases above are drawn from.
| Requirement | What the code states | Clause |
|---|---|---|
| P-Q envelope −0.35/+0.32 Pmax at Udim, all P incl. charging Reactive capability | For any P supplied or withdrawn at U = Udim, Q must be able to take any value in [−0.35 × Pmax_injection_unité ; +0.32 × Pmax_injection_unité] (Mvar, producer convention: Q > 0 = supply, so absorption capability 0.35 exceeds supply 0.32); at U = 0.9 Udim, Q supply must be at least 0.30 × Pmax_injection_unité. Basis: Pmax injection unité (MW, continuous max injection of the storage unit). Instrument: RTE DTR Article 8.3.4 (storage-specific cahier des charges), Conditions d'application: types B, C, D (type B = 1–18 MW; C/D larger — Figure 4 p.8). Binds non-synchronous storage units (BESS) explicitly — the whole document is storage-scoped. Q is assessed at the point de raccordement, P at the point of appreciation of Pmax injection unité (Figure 5 caption). The envelope is a full rectangle over the entire P range from −Pmax soutirage to +Pmax injection, i.e. identical in charge and discharge ('Quelle que soit P fournie ou soutirée'). DTR Article 5.1.4 routes autonomous non-synchronous storage units to this article (second quote below). | §3.2.3 « Capacités en puissance réactive », items 1–2 and Figure 5 + DTR Article 5.1.4, §5.2.1 « Capacités constructives applicables à une Unité de Stockage Autonome » (PDF p.11) |
The clauses this row cites§3.2.3 « Capacités en puissance réactive », items 1–2 and Figure 5 — “ Quelle que soit P fournie ou soutirée et pour U =[Udim] ; Q en Mvar doit pouvoir prendre toute valeur comprise dans l'intervalle [-0,35 [Pmax_injection_unité] ; 0,32 [Pmax_injection_unité] ] (voir figure Figure 5). 2. Quelle que soit P fournie ou soutirée et pour U = [0,9 Udim] ; Q en MVAr doit pouvoir être au moins égale à 0,30 [Pmax_injection_unité] ” Translation: “ Whatever P is supplied or withdrawn and for U = [Udim]; Q in Mvar must be able to take any value within the interval [−0.35 [Pmax_injection_unité] ; 0.32 [Pmax_injection_unité]] (see Figure 5). 2. Whatever P is supplied or withdrawn and for U = [0.9 Udim]; Q in MVAr must be able to be at least equal to 0.30 [Pmax_injection_unité] ” (DTR Article 8.3.4 – Cahier des charges des capacités constructives, Conditions Générales (Unité de stockage non synchrone), v1.9, accessed 2026-08-08) DTR Article 5.1.4, §5.2.1 « Capacités constructives applicables à une Unité de Stockage Autonome » (PDF p.11) — “ Les capacités constructives applicables à une Unité de Stockage non synchrone Autonome sont définies à l'article 8.3.4 de la DTR relatif au Cahier des Charges Capacités Constructives applicable à une Unité de Stockage non synchrone. Ces prescriptions sont applicables à l'Unité de Stockage indépendamment des autres Unités de production ou Installation de consommation. ” Translation: “ The constructive capabilities applicable to an Autonomous non-synchronous Storage Unit are defined in Article 8.3.4 of the DTR [Documentation Technique de Référence, technical reference documentation] relating to the Cahier des Charges [requirements specification] for Constructive Capabilities applicable to a non-synchronous Storage Unit. These prescriptions are applicable to the Storage Unit independently of the other production Units or consumption Installation. ” (DTR Article 5.1.4 – Dispositions spécifiques et Règles techniques transitoires — Stockeurs (version applicable à compter du 12/02/2026), accessed 2026-08-08) | ||
| LFSM-O: threshold 50.2 Hz default (50.2–50.5 settable), droop 1–12% (5% default), full activation ≤ 2 s Frequency response | LFSM-O activation threshold f1 settable 50.2–50.5 Hz, default 50.2 Hz; linear response with droop (statisme) δ_LFSM settable in [1% ; 12%], default 5% (K_LFSM declared in fiche E1); activation delay as short as possible, technical justification to RTE required if > 500 ms; complete activation ≤ 2 s. Response range: down to full withdrawal ([Pmax soutirage unité]) — unit must be able to reach any operating point between P_courant and Pmax soutirage. Droop basis: K = (Pmax injection unité / fn) × (1/δ), fn = 50 Hz. Instrument: RTE DTR Article 8.3.4. Champ d'application: types A, B, C, D — binds all non-synchronous storage units explicitly, in injection and withdrawal (producer sign convention, §3.3.4). Overfrequency response can push the unit from discharge through zero into full charging, unlike the RfG generator baseline. Return to setpoint after the event is capped at 10% Pmax injection unité/min (quoted under the Ramp rate row below, §3.3.4.1). Companion modes: LFSM-U (§3.3.4.2 — types C–D per Tableau 1, p.18; the section header's 'types A–D' covers the LFSM-U/LFSM-UI pair, and injecting type A/B units carry no LFSM-U requirement): threshold f2 settable 49.5–49.8 Hz, default 49.8 Hz, same droop range [1%; 12%] default 5%; LFSM-UI for units importing when f drops below f2 (Tableau 2, p.20): gradient range [1.7 – 5] pu/Hz, default 1.7 pu/Hz, T1 (Pmax soutirage to Pmax injection) default 4 s, T2 < 0.5 s, T3 default 2 s; unit must decouple if f < 49.2 Hz for 2 s without having switched from withdrawal to injection (p.21). The droop-gain formula (document p.16) and the response range down to Pmax soutirage are cited from the same section but are not carried in the quoted text. | §3.3.4.1 « Mode de réglage restreint à la sur-fréquence (mode LFSM-O) » — Seuil d'activation et loi de réglage + §3.3.4.1 — Dynamique temporelle (same page) |
The clauses this row cites§3.3.4.1 « Mode de réglage restreint à la sur-fréquence (mode LFSM-O) » — Seuil d'activation et loi de réglage — “ Seuil d'activation (f1) : Le seuil doit être réglable entre 50,2 Hz et 50,5 Hz. Ce seuil est réglé par défaut à 50,2 Hz. • Loi de réglage : Le contrôle commande doit demander à l'unité de stockage de diminuer la puissance active injectée (ou augmenter sa puissance active soutirée) linéairement à partir de ce seuil f1 avec un statisme δ LFSM, réglable dans la plage [1% ; 12%]. … Par défaut, la valeur de KLFSM correspond à un statisme δ LFSM de 5% et doit être déclarée à RTE dans la fiche E1. ” Translation: “ Activation threshold (f1): The threshold must be settable between 50.2 Hz and 50.5 Hz. This threshold is set by default to 50.2 Hz. • Control law: The control system must ask the storage unit to decrease the injected active power (or increase its withdrawn active power) linearly from this threshold f1 with a droop δ_LFSM settable in the range [1% ; 12%]. … By default, the value of KLFSM corresponds to a droop δ LFSM of 5% and must be declared to RTE in the fiche E1 [declaration form]. ” (DTR Article 8.3.4 – Cahier des charges des capacités constructives, Conditions Générales (Unité de stockage non synchrone), v1.9, accessed 2026-08-08) §3.3.4.1 — Dynamique temporelle (same page) — “ Le délai d'activation ta LFSM-O doit être déclaré à RTE dans la fiche E1. Ce délai doit être aussi court que possible (il ne doit pas être volontairement retardé). Dans le cas où il est supérieur à 500 ms, les justifications techniques doivent être transmises à RTE. La durée d'activation complète doit être aussi courte que possible. La durée d'activation complète doit être inférieure ou égale à 2 sec. ” Translation: “ The activation delay ta LFSM-O must be declared to RTE in the fiche E1 [declaration form]. This delay must be as short as possible (it must not be deliberately delayed). In the case where it is greater than 500 ms, the technical justifications must be transmitted to RTE. The complete activation duration must be as short as possible. The complete activation duration must be less than or equal to 2 sec. ” (DTR Article 8.3.4 – Cahier des charges des capacités constructives, Conditions Générales (Unité de stockage non synchrone), v1.9, accessed 2026-08-08) | ||
| FSM (types C, D): reserve ≥ 2.5% Pmax, droop 3–12%, full reserve < 30 s, sustain ≥ 15 min Frequency response | Primary frequency control (mode FSM) mandatory constructive capability for types C and D: primary reserve Rp ≥ Rp_min = 2.5% × Pmax_injection_unité; gain K settable between Kmin = 5·Rp MW/Hz (droop δ = 12%) and Kmax = 25·Rp MW/Hz (droop δ = 3%); for any frequency step up to ±200 mHz the full expected reserve must be delivered in less than 30 s (t2; 'en moins de 30 s'), activation delay > 500 ms must be justified (t1); reserve sustainable ≥ 15 min (t3); response active across 47.5–51.5 Hz, no reduction of activation outside ±200 mHz around 50 Hz. Instrument: RTE DTR Article 8.3.4, §3.3.4.3, Condition d'application: Types C, D (i.e. ≥ 18 MW Pmax injection). Binds storage explicitly; FSM operation must be possible from any operating point between Pmax soutirage and Pmax injection, i.e. through charging. Stock (state-of-charge) management rules for FSM in §3.3.4.5: Eutile/Rp ratio > 0.5 required to guarantee 15-min full activation both directions (§3.3.4.5.1, p.25). Measurement: frequency resolution ≤ 1 mHz, accuracy < 10 mHz, insensitivity < ±10 mHz (p.23). Secondary control (RSFP, §3.3.4.4) additionally binds type D units connected in HTB2/HTB3: half-band pr ≥ 4.5% [Pmax unité] (3.4% with technical justification, 600 s ramp), deliverable ≥ 30 min. The 500 ms activation-delay allowance (t1) is a reading of Figure 9 (document p.23) and is not carried in the quoted text. | §3.3.4.3 « Réglage primaire de fréquence (mode FSM) » — Volume de réserve primaire (Rp) and Loi de réglage + §3.3.4.3 — Dynamique temporelle (sentence spans pp. 22–23; Figure 9) |
The clauses this row cites§3.3.4.3 « Réglage primaire de fréquence (mode FSM) » — Volume de réserve primaire (Rp) and Loi de réglage — “ Le gain K de l'unité doit être réglable. Il ne peut être supérieur à Kmax = 25 Rp MW/Hz (correspondant à un statisme δ égal à 3%), et ne peut être inférieur à Kmin =5 Rp MW/Hz (correspondant à un statisme δ égal à 12%). … La réserve primaire Rp de l'unité est au moins égale à Rp min =2,5 % [Pmax injection unité] … L'unité doit être capable d'activer sa réponse en puissance active dans la plage de fréquence de 47,5 Hz à 51,5 Hz, et ne doit pas réduire son activation lorsque l'écart de fréquence se situe en dehors de la plage de fréquences de +/- 200 mHz autour de 50 Hz. ” Translation: “ The gain K of the unit must be settable. It may not be greater than Kmax = 25 Rp MW/Hz (corresponding to a droop δ equal to 3%), and may not be less than Kmin = 5 Rp MW/Hz (corresponding to a droop δ equal to 12%). … The primary reserve Rp of the unit is at least equal to Rp min = 2.5% [Pmax injection unité] … The unit must be capable of activating its active-power response in the frequency range from 47.5 Hz to 51.5 Hz, and must not reduce its activation when the frequency deviation lies outside the range of +/- 200 mHz around 50 Hz. ” (DTR Article 8.3.4 – Cahier des charges des capacités constructives, Conditions Générales (Unité de stockage non synchrone), v1.9, accessed 2026-08-08) §3.3.4.3 — Dynamique temporelle (sentence spans pp. 22–23; Figure 9) — “ Pour tout échelon de fréquence Δf = f - fn comprise entre 0 et +/-200 mHz à partir de 50 Hz, l'unité de stockage doit être capable d'activer la réponse en puissance active sur ou au-dessus de la ligne pleine de la courbe Figure 9, et notamment fournir la totalité de la réserve de puissance attendue en moins de 30 s (t2). … Cette réserve de puissance doit pouvoir être délivrée pendant au moins 15 minutes (t3). ” Translation: “ For any frequency step Δf = f - fn between 0 and +/-200 mHz starting from 50 Hz, the storage unit must be capable of activating the active power response on or above the solid line of the curve in Figure 9, and in particular of supplying the entirety of the expected power reserve in less than 30 s (t2). … This power reserve must be able to be delivered for at least 15 minutes (t3). ” (DTR Article 8.3.4 – Cahier des charges des capacités constructives, Conditions Générales (Unité de stockage non synchrone), v1.9, accessed 2026-08-08) | ||
| Frequency 49–51 Hz unlimited, 47.5–51.5 Hz ≥30 min; voltage bands per HTB level Continuous operating range | Frequency (injection and withdrawal, §3.4.3 table): [47.5 ; 48.5[ Hz ≥ 30 min; [48.5 ; 49[ Hz ≥ 30 min; [49 ; 51] Hz unlimited; ]51 ; 51.5] Hz ≥ 30 min; outside 47.5/51.5 Hz durations agreed bilaterally. Voltage at the point de raccordement (§3.4.2 tables, per level): 400 kV (1 pu = 400 kV): [0.85–0.90[ pu 60 min (must supply Q up to 0.3 Pmax unité at any P), [0.9–1.05] pu unlimited, ]1.05–1.10] pu 20 min (P reducible to 0.95 Pmax); 225 kV (1 pu = 220 kV) and 150 kV (1 pu = 150 kV): [0.85–0.90[ pu 60 min, [0.9–1.118] pu unlimited, ]1.118–1.15] pu 20 min; 90 kV (1 pu = 90 kV): [0.8–0.85[ pu stay connected as long as possible without tripping on voltage, [0.85–0.87[ pu 90 min, [0.87–1.11] pu unlimited, ]1.11–1.133] pu limited (5 min at U = 1.133 pu); 63 kV (1 pu = 63 kV): [0.8–0.85[ pu stay connected as long as possible, [0.85–0.87[ pu 90 min, [0.87–1.14] pu unlimited, ]1.14–1.174] pu 5 min at U = 1.174 pu. Instrument: RTE DTR Article 8.3.4, §3.4.2 (voltage) and §3.4.3 (frequency), Conditions d'applications: Types A, B, C, D (voltage bands as a function of the connection voltage level) — binds storage explicitly, in injection and withdrawal. For the frequency requirement the voltage is assumed within the normal range; combined excursions take the shorter of the two required durations (§3.4.4). The unit must hold constant active power at its setpoint (subject to stock availability) for all frequency variations within these bands (§3.4.3). Not the ride-through curve (that is §3.7/§3.8, not extracted here). Provenance: the numeric bands are transcribed from the §3.4.3 table (DTR p.32), which the quote introduces rather than reproduces — the table prints them as intervals in French notation ('[47,5 Hz ; 48,5 Hz[ 30 min', and so on). | §3.4.3 « Régimes exceptionnels en fréquence » (table, PDF p.32) + §3.4.2 « Régimes exceptionnels en tension » (tables per voltage level, PDF pp.30–32) |
The clauses this row cites§3.4.3 « Régimes exceptionnels en fréquence » (table, PDF p.32) — “ L'unité de stockage doit être capable de fonctionner (en injection et en soutirage) sans se déconnecter du réseau dans les plages exceptionnelles de fréquence, dans les conditions de durée définies ci-après : ” Translation: “ The storage unit must be capable of operating (in injection and in withdrawal) without disconnecting from the network in the exceptional frequency ranges, under the duration conditions defined hereafter: ” (DTR Article 8.3.4 – Cahier des charges des capacités constructives, Conditions Générales (Unité de stockage non synchrone), v1.9, accessed 2026-08-08) §3.4.2 « Régimes exceptionnels en tension » (tables per voltage level, PDF pp.30–32) — “ L'unité de stockage (ainsi que les autres équipements de l'installation) doit fonctionner lorsque la tension au point de raccordement se situe dans les plages de tension définies ci-après : ” Translation: “ The storage unit (as well as the other equipment of the installation) must operate when the voltage at the connection point lies within the voltage ranges defined hereafter: ” (DTR Article 8.3.4 – Cahier des charges des capacités constructives, Conditions Générales (Unité de stockage non synchrone), v1.9, accessed 2026-08-08) | ||
| Ramps adjustable [Xmin;Xmax] MW/min in 1 MW steps — no fixed numeric cap in general conditions Ramp rate | No fixed numeric ramp limit in the Conditions Générales: setpoint active-power ramp rates (charge ramp and discharge ramp separately) must be adjustable and able to take any value in a project-declared range [Xmin MW/min ; Xmax MW/min] in 1 MW steps, Xmin/Xmax declared by the operator in fiche E1; the definitive ramps are fixed with RTE in the convention d'exploitation. After an LFSM event the return to setpoint is limited to a ramp below 10% Pmax_injection_unité/min. Instrument: RTE DTR Article 8.3.4, §3.3.1, Condition d'application: types A, B, C, D — binds storage explicitly, with charge and discharge ramps named separately ('rampe de charge et rampe de décharge'). This is a settability/declaration requirement plus bilateral fixing, not a universal MW/min cap; the numeric operational ramps end up in each unit's convention d'exploitation. In the general-conditions body (§§3.3.x) the numeric ramp figures are: the post-LFSM return ramp (10% Pmax injection unité/min, §3.3.4.1, quote2; the mirrored LFSM-U clause on p.19 states the same 10%/min figure on a 'Pmax unité' basis) and §3.3.4.5.3's rule that FSM participants' continuous setpoint ramps must be parameterizable and must not traverse 0 to the min/max setpoint in under 15 min; the type-A annex tables (pp.76–90) additionally set a 20%/minute reconnection/start-up gradient (RTE requirement; range 6–3000%/min). In alert and emergency system states, units not subject to programming rules must not modify their active-power setpoint (§3.3.1). | §3.3.1 « Pente de modification de la puissance active » + §3.3.4.1 — return-to-setpoint ramp after LFSM-O (p.17) |
The clauses this row cites§3.3.1 « Pente de modification de la puissance active » — “ Les valeurs de pente de modification de puissance active de consigne (rampe de charge et rampe de décharge) doivent être réglables et pouvoir prendre toute valeur dans la plage [Xmin MW/min ; Xmax MW/min], par pas de 1MW. Les valeurs Xmin et Xmax sont à préciser par le stockeur dans la fiche E1. Pour l'exploitation définitive, les pentes (rampe de charge et rampe de décharge) sont fixées en concertation avec le stockeur dans la convention d'exploitation. ” Translation: “ The setpoint active-power ramp values (charge ramp and discharge ramp) must be settable and able to take any value in the range [Xmin MW/min ; Xmax MW/min], in steps of 1 MW. The values Xmin and Xmax are to be specified by the storage operator in sheet E1. For definitive operation, the ramps (charge ramp and discharge ramp) are fixed in consultation with the storage operator in the operating agreement. ” (DTR Article 8.3.4 – Cahier des charges des capacités constructives, Conditions Générales (Unité de stockage non synchrone), v1.9, accessed 2026-08-08) §3.3.4.1 — return-to-setpoint ramp after LFSM-O (p.17) — “ Lorsque la fréquence est redescendue en dessous du seuil d'activation f1, l'unité peut rejoindre sa nouvelle puissance de consigne avec une pente inférieure à 10% Pmax injection unité/min. Cette pente Ramplfsm est à préciser dans la fiche E1. ” Translation: “ When the frequency has come back down below the activation threshold f1, the unit may return to its new setpoint power with a slope of less than 10% Pmax injection unit/min. This slope Ramplfsm is to be specified in the fiche E1 [declaration form]. ” (DTR Article 8.3.4 – Cahier des charges des capacités constructives, Conditions Générales (Unité de stockage non synchrone), v1.9, accessed 2026-08-08) | ||
| RoCoF withstand ±2 Hz/s (500 ms), ±1.5 Hz/s (1 s), ±1.25 Hz/s (2 s) RoCoF withstand | Stay connected and keep operating for RoCoF up to ±2 Hz/s averaged over a 500 ms sliding window, and ±1.5 Hz/s averaged over a 1000 ms sliding window, and ±1.25 Hz/s averaged over a 2000 ms sliding window. Validated at minimum at operating point P = Pmax, Q = 0 MVAr, U = 1 pu. Instrument: RTE DTR Article 8.3.4, §3.9, Condition d'application: types A, B, C, D — binds all non-synchronous storage units explicitly. Measuring windows are stated explicitly (500/1000/2000 ms sliding averages). Any RoCoF-measurement precision coarser than ±1 mHz/s over a 500 ms sliding window must be justified with technical elements. Same three-tier structure as the RfG-derived French practice for generators. | §3.9 « Capacité à supporter des vitesses de variation de la fréquence » |
The clause this row cites§3.9 « Capacité à supporter des vitesses de variation de la fréquence » — “ L'unité de stockage doit rester connectée et continuer à fonctionner tant que la fréquence du réseau varie à une vitesse inférieure ou égale à : +/– 2 Hz/s en moyenne sur une fenêtre glissante de 500 ms. Et +/– 1.5 Hz/s en moyenne sur une fenêtre glissante de 1000 ms. Et +/– 1.25 Hz/s en moyenne sur une fenêtre glissante de 2000 ms. … Toute précision de la mesure de variation de fréquence supérieure à +/- 1 mHz/s sur une fenêtre glissante de 500 ms devra être justifiée par des éléments techniques. Cette exigence doit être, à minima, validée pour le point de fonctionnement suivant : P=Pmax, Q=0MVAr et U = 1 pu. ” Translation: “ The storage unit must remain connected and continue to operate as long as the network frequency varies at a rate less than or equal to: ±2 Hz/s on average over a 500 ms sliding window. And ±1.5 Hz/s on average over a 1000 ms sliding window. And ±1.25 Hz/s on average over a 2000 ms sliding window. … Any precision of the frequency-variation measurement coarser than +/- 1 mHz/s over a 500 ms sliding window must be justified with technical elements. This requirement must be validated, at a minimum, for the following operating point: P = Pmax, Q = 0 MVAr and U = 1 pu. ” (DTR Article 8.3.4 – Cahier des charges des capacités constructives, Conditions Générales (Unité de stockage non synchrone), v1.9, accessed 2026-08-08) | ||
| Fast reactive current injection (type B): per NF EN 50549-2 §4.7.4.2, k1 = k2 = 2, function required active Fault-current injection | Type B storage units: fast reactive current injection on network disturbance defined by NF EN 50549-2:2019/A1:2023 §4.7.4.2, parameters per Annex C of the norm, specified in the Conditions Particulières. RTE requirement column ('Exigence du GSD') in the defaults table (p.35): function activated ('activé'); static-range overvoltage threshold 110% Uc; static-range undervoltage threshold 90% Uc; insensitivity range ΔU50per 15% (typical range 0–15%, norm default 5%); gradient k1 = 2 (range 0–6); gradient k2 = 2 (range 0–6); optional modes (active-power priority, reactive-current limitation, zero-current threshold, zero-current mode) deactivated. Instrument: RTE DTR Article 8.3.4, §3.4.7, Condition d'application: Type B only (1 MW ≤ Pmax injection < 18 MW) — binds storage explicitly by incorporating the NF EN 50549-2 (MV connection standard) function. k1/k2 are the reactive-current gradients of the EN 50549-2 voltage-support characteristic (per-unit reactive-current change per per-unit voltage deviation). The table distinguishes the norm's 'Valeur par défaut' (e.g. activation 'désactivé', ΔU50per 5%) from the 'Exigence du GSD' (RTE's binding requirement: 'activé', 15%, k1 = 2, k2 = 2) — values above are the Exigence du GSD column. Final parameters may differ per project (quote2). No equivalent numeric k-gain clause for types C/D found in the sections read for this layer. | §3.4.7 « Injection rapide de courant réactif en cas d'aléa réseau » (table of defaults, referencing NF EN 50549-2 §4.7.4.2 and its Annexe C) + §3.4.7 — closing paragraph after the table (same page) |
The clauses this row cites§3.4.7 « Injection rapide de courant réactif en cas d'aléa réseau » (table of defaults, referencing NF EN 50549-2 §4.7.4.2 and its Annexe C) — “ Les caractéristiques de cette fonction sont définies par la norme NF EN 50549-2 : 2019/A1 2023 au §4.7.4.2. Les différents paramètres nécessaires à la définition complète du fonctionnement sont listés dans l'annexe C de la norme concernant le paragraphe susmentionné et sont spécifiés dans les Conditions Particulières. Les valeurs par défaut retenues sont les suivantes : ” Translation: “ The characteristics of this function are defined by the standard NF EN 50549-2:2019/A1 2023 in §4.7.4.2. The various parameters necessary for the complete definition of the operation are listed in Annex C of the standard concerning the aforementioned paragraph and are specified in the Particular Conditions. The default values retained are the following: ” (DTR Article 8.3.4 – Cahier des charges des capacités constructives, Conditions Générales (Unité de stockage non synchrone), v1.9, accessed 2026-08-08) §3.4.7 — closing paragraph after the table (same page) — “ Les paramètres finaux de l'injection de courant réactif (y compris les modes facultatifs et le mode courant nul) peuvent différer des valeurs ci-dessus et seront précisés dans les conditions particulières. ” Translation: “ The final parameters of the reactive current injection (including the optional modes and the zero-current mode) may differ from the values above and will be specified in the particular conditions. ” (DTR Article 8.3.4 – Cahier des charges des capacités constructives, Conditions Générales (Unité de stockage non synchrone), v1.9, accessed 2026-08-08) | ||
Who does France (RTE) bind, and since when?
Type D power park modules connected to RTE (≥110 kV). No date of effect is published here — grid codes are reissued, so check the current issue before relying on it.
These figures are a reading aid, not legal advice. Grid codes are reissued: verify against the current edition before you design to them.
Curve data last checked against the code on — 66 standards, 130 envelopes, published by bess.engineer under CC BY 4.0.
Questions this page answers about France (RTE)
- Does France (RTE) require ride-through, or only that the plant does not trip?
- Ride-through. Every envelope on this page is a performance duty the plant must meet, not a protection-setting no-trip boundary — they are different obligations. That is what these curves are; they are not everything France (RTE) contains. The requirement sentence under each chart says which side of the curve is the compliant one.
- Are the numbers on this page taken from France (RTE) itself?
- Yes. Every breakpoint is read from the code, and each envelope carries the clause it came from, quoted in full under its chart — so you can check the figure against the standard rather than cite it from this page.
- Which events are charted for France (RTE)?
- France (RTE) is charted here with 1 envelope — low-voltage ride-through (LVRT). No high-voltage or frequency envelope is charted here — check France (RTE) itself before concluding it sets none. Its steady-state voltage-band figures add 4 more, drawn from the code's continuous-operating-range table rather than from a ride-through curve.
Ride-through, in context.
An envelope is a compliance boundary; understanding why it exists is a different question. The ride-through and grid-forming entries cover the engineering, and the Engineering Foundations course builds it from the physics up.
Elsewhere in Europe: Finland (Fingrid VJV2024), Germany (VDE-AR-N 4120, draft summary), Greece (ADMIE/IPTO RfG), Ireland (EirGrid), Italy (TERNA), Netherlands (TenneT), and 13 more