Quebec (Hydro-Quebec D-2022-088) ride-through requirements

Low-voltage ride-through, High-voltage ride-through, Frequency ride-through for Canada. Every breakpoint below is read from the code itself, and carries the clause it came from — so you can check it, not just cite it.

3Envelopes
LVRT · HVRT · FRTEvents
Transmission Connection level
LVRT

What is the low-voltage ride-through envelope for Quebec (Hydro-Quebec D-2022-088)?

The plant must ride through for any voltage that stays on or above this envelope. The envelope holds 0 pu from t = 0 to 150 ms; then ramps linearly from 0 pu at 150 ms to 0.25 pu at 1 s; then 0.75 pu from 1 s to 2 s; then 0.85 pu from 2 s to 30 s; then 0.9 pu from 30 s onward — the last band the envelope defines, with no stated end time.

The clause states this boundary as a line; intermediate points are interpolated between its stated vertices.

Applies to Generating stations on the Hydro-Quebec transmission system

Quebec (Hydro-Quebec D-2022-088) — low-voltage ride-through envelopeQuebec (Hydro-Quebec D-2022-088) low-voltage ride-through envelope. The plant must ride through for any voltage that stays on or above the line; below it, the envelope no longer applies. Logarithmic time axis from 0.01 s to 100 s; linear voltage axis in per-unit. The first band applies from the instant of the event (t = 0). The envelope holds 0 pu from t = 0 to 150 ms; then ramps linearly from 0 pu at 150 ms to 0.25 pu at 1 s; then 0.75 pu from 1 s to 2 s; then 0.85 pu from 2 s to 30 s; then 0.9 pu from 30 s onward — the last band the envelope defines, with no stated end time (drawn as an open dashed tail).Quebec (Hydro-Quebec D-2022-088) — low-voltage ride-through envelopenominal 1.00 pu0.010.11101000.000.200.400.600.801.001.20Time from event start (s, log scale) · first band applies from t = 0Voltage (pu)0.9 puMUST RIDE THROUGHmust ride through on or above the lineopen — no stated end time
Low-voltage ride-through envelope for Quebec (Hydro-Quebec D-2022-088). Time runs on a logarithmic axis, so the ramp — a straight line in real time — only looks curved here. Scroll the chart sideways for the rest of the time axis →
Low-voltage ride-through breakpoints for Quebec (Hydro-Quebec D-2022-088)
From To Voltage Between the points
0 150 ms 0 pu Held flat
150 ms 1 s 0 → 0.25 pu Ramps linearly
1 s 2 s 0.75 pu Held flat
2 s 30 s 0.85 pu Held flat
30 s no stated end 0.9 pu Held flat
The clause this came from

Hydro-Quebec TransEnergie, 'Technical Requirements for the Connection of Generating Stations to the Hydro-Quebec Transmission System', Decision D-2022-088, effective July 15, 2022; section 12.2.1, Table 8 (p.48) and Figure 6 (p.49). Verified from the Hydro-Quebec-hosted English PDF (Exigences_raccordement_centrales_ang_2022-07-15.pdf), text extracted directly. The code defines a linear recovery ramp; the vertices are read from the clause and the chart draws the segment between them.

HVRT

What is the high-voltage ride-through envelope for Quebec (Hydro-Quebec D-2022-088)?

The plant must ride through for any voltage that stays on or below this envelope. The envelope holds 1.4 pu from t = 0 to 100 ms; then 1.25 pu from 100 ms to 2 s; then 1.2 pu from 2 s to 30 s; then 1.15 pu from 30 s to 5 min; then 1.1 pu from 5 min onward — the last band the envelope defines, with no stated end time.

Every breakpoint is stated in the clause cited below.

Applies to Generating stations on the Hydro-Quebec transmission system

Quebec (Hydro-Quebec D-2022-088) — high-voltage ride-through envelopeQuebec (Hydro-Quebec D-2022-088) high-voltage ride-through envelope. The plant must ride through for any voltage that stays on or below the line; above it, the envelope no longer applies. Logarithmic time axis from 0.01 s to 1000 s; linear voltage axis in per-unit. The first band applies from the instant of the event (t = 0). The envelope holds 1.4 pu from t = 0 to 100 ms; then 1.25 pu from 100 ms to 2 s; then 1.2 pu from 2 s to 30 s; then 1.15 pu from 30 s to 5 min; then 1.1 pu from 5 min onward — the last band the envelope defines, with no stated end time (drawn as an open dashed tail).Quebec (Hydro-Quebec D-2022-088) — high-voltage ride-through envelopenominal 1.00 pu0.010.111010010000.901.001.101.201.301.401.50Time from event start (s, log scale) · first band applies from t = 0Voltage (pu)1.1 puMUST RIDE THROUGHmust ride through on or below the lineopen — no stated end time
High-voltage ride-through envelope for Quebec (Hydro-Quebec D-2022-088). Time runs on a logarithmic axis. Scroll the chart sideways for the rest of the time axis →
High-voltage ride-through breakpoints for Quebec (Hydro-Quebec D-2022-088)
From To Voltage Between the points
0 100 ms 1.4 pu Held flat
100 ms 2 s 1.25 pu Held flat
2 s 30 s 1.2 pu Held flat
30 s 5 min 1.15 pu Held flat
5 min no stated end 1.1 pu Held flat
The clause this came from

Hydro-Quebec TransEnergie, 'Technical Requirements for the Connection of Generating Stations to the Hydro-Quebec Transmission System', Decision D-2022-088, effective July 15, 2022; section 12.2.2, Table 9 (p.50). Verified from the Hydro-Quebec-hosted English PDF, text extracted directly.

FRT

What is the frequency ride-through envelope for Quebec (Hydro-Quebec D-2022-088)?

The plant must ride through between the upper and lower bands. The upper (over-frequency) band holds 61.7 Hz from t = 0 to 90 s; then 61.5 Hz from 90 s to 11 min; then 60.6 Hz from 11 min onward — the last band the envelope defines, with no stated end time. The lower (under-frequency) band holds 55.5 Hz from t = 0 to 350 ms; then 56.5 Hz from 350 ms to 2 s; then 57 Hz from 2 s to 10 s; then 57.5 Hz from 10 s to 90 s; then 58.5 Hz from 90 s to 11 min; then 59.4 Hz from 11 min onward — the last band the envelope defines, with no stated end time.

Every breakpoint is stated in the clause cited below.

Applies to Generating stations on the Hydro-Quebec transmission system

Quebec (Hydro-Quebec D-2022-088) — frequency ride-through envelopeQuebec (Hydro-Quebec D-2022-088) frequency ride-through envelope. The plant must ride through for any frequency that stays between the lower and upper bands. Logarithmic time axis from 0.01 s to 3000 s; linear frequency axis in hertz. The first band applies from the instant of the event (t = 0). upper (over-frequency) band: holds 61.7 Hz from t = 0 to 90 s; then 61.5 Hz from 90 s to 11 min; then 60.6 Hz from 11 min onward — the last band the envelope defines, with no stated end time (drawn as an open dashed tail). lower (under-frequency) band: holds 55.5 Hz from t = 0 to 350 ms; then 56.5 Hz from 350 ms to 2 s; then 57 Hz from 2 s to 10 s; then 57.5 Hz from 10 s to 90 s; then 58.5 Hz from 90 s to 11 min; then 59.4 Hz from 11 min onward — the last band the envelope defines, with no stated end time (drawn as an open dashed tail).Quebec (Hydro-Quebec D-2022-088) — frequency ride-through envelopenominal 60 Hz0.010.11101001000545658606264Time from event start (s, log scale) · first band applies from t = 0Frequency (Hz)60.6 Hz59.4 HzMUST RIDE THROUGHUpper band (over-frequency)Lower band (under-frequency)must ride through between the bandsopen — no stated end time
Frequency ride-through envelope for Quebec (Hydro-Quebec D-2022-088). Time runs on a logarithmic axis. Scroll the chart sideways for the rest of the time axis →

Upper limit

Frequency ride-through breakpoints for Quebec (Hydro-Quebec D-2022-088) — Upper limit
From To Frequency Between the points
0 90 s 61.7 Hz Held flat
90 s 11 min 61.5 Hz Held flat
11 min no stated end 60.6 Hz Held flat

Lower limit

Frequency ride-through breakpoints for Quebec (Hydro-Quebec D-2022-088) — Lower limit
From To Frequency Between the points
0 350 ms 55.5 Hz Held flat
350 ms 2 s 56.5 Hz Held flat
2 s 10 s 57 Hz Held flat
10 s 90 s 57.5 Hz Held flat
90 s 11 min 58.5 Hz Held flat
11 min no stated end 59.4 Hz Held flat
The clause this came from

Hydro-Quebec TransEnergie, 'Technical Requirements for the Connection of Generating Stations to the Hydro-Quebec Transmission System', Decision D-2022-088, effective July 15, 2022; section 12.2.3, Table 10 (p.51). Verified from the Hydro-Quebec-hosted English PDF, text extracted directly.

Beyond ride-through

Operating requirements beyond the envelopes.

The envelopes above are what Quebec (Hydro-Quebec D-2022-088) demands during a disturbance. The rows below are the same regime’s operating and fault-response requirements — reactive capability, frequency response, continuous operating range, ramp rate, RoCoF withstand and fault-current injection — each researched from the document its own row cites, separately from the plotted corpus. Every row carries its clause and a verbatim quote, so you can check it the same way.

Supplementary operating requirements for Quebec (Hydro-Quebec D-2022-088)
Requirement What the code states Clause
PF 0.95 lead/lag at switchyard HV side, injecting and absorbing; at least ±0.33 pu Q Reactive capability Automatic voltage regulation must let the plant supply and absorb reactive power to a leading and lagging power factor ≤ 0.95 on the high-voltage side of the switchyard, both when injecting and when absorbing active power (hybrid or storage); Voltage-control droop adjustable 0–10 %. Additionally, available reactive power vs. active power injected or absorbed must reach at least ±0.33 p.u. of the total rated power of the generating units in service (equivalent to PF 0.95). Binds every 'centrale utilisant des SERMO' (inverter-connected plant) ≥ 1.0 MW connected to the transmission system — energy storage systems are expressly named in the clause itself ('centrale hybride ou système de stockage énergétique'), so BESS is bound explicitly, not merely via a generation-scoped rule. Measured on the high-voltage side of the plant switchyard (poste de départ). Q must be available across 0.9–1.1 p.u. Voltage and 59.4–60.6 Hz, with relaxations per Figure 7: below 0.95 p.u. Voltage the plant need not absorb to PF 0.95 lagging (must still supply to 0.95 leading); above 1.05 p.u. it need not supply to 0.95 leading (must still absorb to 0.95 lagging). Basis of ±0.33 p.u. is the total rated power of units in service, not installed capacity. If the interconnection study shows the Q cannot be fully used, the Transmission Provider may accept PF > 0.95 but not exceeding 0.97. The Q-availability window (0.9–1.1 p.u. voltage, 59.4–60.6 Hz), the Figure 7 relaxation thresholds and the PF 0.97 ceiling are stated in the same § 12.3 but are not carried in the quoted text. § 12.3 « Régulation de la tension et facteur de puissance »; Figure 7 + § 12.3, paragraph following Figure 7
The clauses this row cites

§ 12.3 « Régulation de la tension et facteur de puissance »; Figure 7 — “ À cette fin, la centrale doit comporter une fonction automatique de régulation de tension. Cette fonction doit permettre à la centrale de fournir et d'absorber, en exploitation normale, la quantité de puissance réactive correspondant à un facteur de puissance capacitif et inductif égal ou inférieur à 0,95, du côté haute tension du poste de départ de la centrale, autant dans la situation où la centrale injecte de la puissance active au point de raccordement que la situation où elle en absorbe (centrale hybride ou système de stockage énergétique). La fonction doit comporter une caractéristique de statisme permanent ajustable entre 0 % et 10 % et être basée sur la puissance réactive exigée. ” Translation: “ Thus, a generating station using SERMOs must be equipped with an automatic voltage regulation function. This function must allow the generating station to supply and absorb, in normal operation, the amount of reactive power corresponding to a leading and lagging power factor less than or equal to 0.95, as seen on the high-voltage side of the generating station switchyard, both when the generating station injects active power at the connection point and when it absorbs active power (hybrid generating station or energy storage system). The voltage regulation function must have a permanent droop adjustable between 0% and 10% and be based on the required reactive power. [Hydro-Québec's own English version, § 12.3, English PDF p.52] ” (Exigences techniques de raccordement de centrales au réseau de transport d'Hydro-Québec (Décision D-2022-088), accessed 2026-08-08)

§ 12.3, paragraph following Figure 7 — “ Additionnellement à l'exigence illustrée par la figure 7, la puissance réactive disponible du côté haute tension du poste de départ, en fonction de la puissance active injectée ou absorbée par la centrale, doit au moins s'élever à ±0,33 p.u. de la puissance assignée totale des groupes en service (équivalent à un facteur de puissance de 0,95). ” Translation: “ In addition to the requirement illustrated in Figure 7, the reactive power available on the high-voltage side of the switchyard with relation to the active power injected or absorbed by the generating station must reach at least ±0.33 p.u. of the total rated power of the generating units in service (equivalent to a power factor of 0.95). [Hydro-Québec's own English version, § 12.3, English PDF p.52] ” (Exigences techniques de raccordement de centrales au réseau de transport d'Hydro-Québec (Décision D-2022-088), accessed 2026-08-08)

Storage: Q accounting in charge and discharge; storage never 'on standby' Reactive capability No standby exemption from voltage regulation applies to a storage system — it is never considered to be on standby (units on standby, connected with no active-power injection, are otherwise exempt). For a hybrid plant or an energy storage system, the available reactive power takes into account the discharge (injection) and charge (absorption) active power, which may be different. Storage-specific overlay inside § 12.3, binding BESS explicitly. Consequence: a BESS must meet the § 12.3 reactive/voltage-regulation requirement continuously whenever connected, including at zero active power, since the standby exemption is expressly denied to storage. The charge/discharge accounting sentence acknowledges asymmetric charge vs discharge active-power ratings when defining the reactive envelope. § 12.3 « Régulation de la tension et facteur de puissance » (storage paragraph and exceptions list) + § 12.3, second bullet of « Des exceptions à la présente exigence s'appliquent »
The clauses this row cites

§ 12.3 « Régulation de la tension et facteur de puissance » (storage paragraph and exceptions list) — “ Dans le cas d'une centrale hybride ou d'un système de stockage, la puissance réactive disponible tient compte de la puissance active de décharge (injection) et de recharge (absorption), qui peuvent être différentes. ” Translation: “ In the case of a hybrid generating station or an energy storage system, the available reactive power takes into account the discharge (injection) and charge (absorption) active power, which may be different. [Hydro-Québec's own English version, § 12.3, English PDF p.53] ” (Exigences techniques de raccordement de centrales au réseau de transport d'Hydro-Québec (Décision D-2022-088), accessed 2026-08-08)

§ 12.3, second bullet of « Des exceptions à la présente exigence s'appliquent » — “ Lorsque les groupes sont en attente (connectés mais sans injection de puissance active), la régulation de tension n'est pas exigée. Un système de stockage n'est jamais considéré en attente. ” Translation: “ When generating units are on standby (connected but without injection of active power), voltage regulation is not required. A storage system is never considered to be on standby. [Hydro-Québec's own English version, § 12.3, English PDF p.53] ” (Exigences techniques de raccordement de centrales au réseau de transport d'Hydro-Québec (Décision D-2022-088), accessed 2026-08-08)

Primary frequency control: droop adjustable 0–5 %, deadband adjustable 0–1.0 Hz Frequency response Primary frequency control function with permanent droop, based on the plant's installed capacity, adjustable 0–5 %, and dead-band thresholds for enabling and disabling adjustable between 0 and 1.0 Hz, set separately for over-frequency and under-frequency regulation; the function must be able to use temporary equipment overload capacity when available. Mandatory for SERMO plants with installed capacity > 10 MW. Chapter 12 (SERMO = inverter-connected sources) applies to energy storage systems by definition (§ 3), so BESS is bound explicitly. § 12.4 sets the > 10 MW threshold and requires primary frequency control for all SERMO technologies (inertial response is required for wind only, § 12.4.2). Droop basis is installed capacity (puissance installée), not units in service. The producer must apply the settings supplied by the Transmission Provider — the code fixes adjustable ranges, not one operative droop/deadband value. In under-frequency, control acts only if headroom (marge à la hausse, § 12.12) exists at the time of the deviation; headroom operation is at the producer's option except the Transmission Provider may exceptionally require it. § 12.4.1 « Régulation de fréquence primaire » + § 12.4 « Régulation de la fréquence » (opening paragraph and first bullet)
The clauses this row cites

§ 12.4.1 « Régulation de fréquence primaire » — “ La fonction doit comporter un statisme permanent, basé sur la puissance installée de la centrale, avec une plage réglable de 0 à 5 % et des seuils de bande morte pour l'activation et la désactivation, ajustables entre 0 et 1,0 Hz et ce, distinctement pour la régulation en surfréquence et en sous-fréquence. La fonction doit pouvoir utiliser la capacité en surcharge temporaire de l'équipement, lorsque disponible. ” Translation: “ The function must have a permanent droop, based on the generating station's installed capacity, with a range that can be set from 0 to 5%, and dead band thresholds for enabling and disabling, adjustable between 0 and 1.0 Hz and this, separately for overfrequency and underfrequency regulation. The function must be able to use the equipment's temporary overload capacity, when available. [Hydro-Québec's own English version, § 12.4.1, English PDF p.55] ” (Exigences techniques de raccordement de centrales au réseau de transport d'Hydro-Québec (Décision D-2022-088), accessed 2026-08-08)

§ 12.4 « Régulation de la fréquence » (opening paragraph and first bullet) — “ La centrale utilisant des SERMO, d'une puissance installée supérieure à 10 MW, doit être conçue avec les fonctions de régulation de fréquence suivantes : • la régulation de fréquence primaire pour toutes les technologies de SERMO (section 12.4.1) ; ” Translation: “ Generating stations using SERMOs with installed capacity greater than 10 MW must be designed with the following frequency control functions: • primary frequency control for all SERMO technologies (section 12.4.1) [Hydro-Québec's own English version, § 12.4, English PDF p.54] ” (Exigences techniques de raccordement de centrales au réseau de transport d'Hydro-Québec (Décision D-2022-088), accessed 2026-08-08)

BESS must provide PFR in charge and discharge (power reversal); reaction < 200 ms, response < 1 s Frequency response An energy storage system must perform primary frequency control both while charging (absorbing power) and while discharging (injecting power), which may require inverting its power flow. Performance for non-wind SERMOs (Table 12): reaction time < 200 ms from detection of the frequency deviation; response time < 1 s from a frequency step to active power reaching 90 % of its final value; damping ratio > 0.3; function operational from minimum power to 100 % of installed capacity (more if temporary overload is available). Binds storage explicitly — the power-reversal sentence is written for energy storage systems specifically. Table 12 has two columns: wind (< 500 ms reaction, < 4 s response) and 'autres SERMO' (other SERMOs — the column applicable to BESS and solar): < 200 ms and < 1 s. Repetition row: if required by the Transmission Provider, the function must be re-enablable after a time equal to 200 % of the previous duration of operation, or per agreement. No explicit sustained-delivery duration is stated for the response itself. The damping-ratio, operating-range, repetition and wind-column entries are stated in the same Tableau 12 (French PDF p. 60) but are not carried in the quoted rows, which transcribe only the reaction- and response-time cells of the autres SERMO column. § 12.4.1 « Régulation de fréquence primaire »; Tableau 12 + Tableau 12 « Paramètres de performance associés à la fonction de régulation de fréquence primaire de la centrale utilisant des SERMO », rows « Temps de réaction » and « Temps de réponse », column « autres SERMO »
The clauses this row cites

§ 12.4.1 « Régulation de fréquence primaire »; Tableau 12 — “ Un système de stockage énergétique doit réaliser la régulation de fréquence primaire autant lorsqu'il est en recharge (absorption de puissance) que lorsqu'il est en décharge (injection de puissance). Ceci implique que le système peut devoir inverser sa puissance, selon qu'il se trouve en décharge ou en recharge au moment de la perturbation. ” Translation: “ An energy storage system must perform primary frequency control both when it is charging (absorbing power) and when it is discharging (injecting power). This means that the system may have to invert its power depending on whether it is charging or discharging at the time of the disturbance. [Hydro-Québec's own English version, § 12.4.1, English PDF p.55] ” (Exigences techniques de raccordement de centrales au réseau de transport d'Hydro-Québec (Décision D-2022-088), accessed 2026-08-08)

Tableau 12 « Paramètres de performance associés à la fonction de régulation de fréquence primaire de la centrale utilisant des SERMO », rows « Temps de réaction » and « Temps de réponse », column « autres SERMO » — “ Temps de réaction — Délai entre la détection de la déviation de la fréquence du réseau et le début de la réponse de la centrale à cette déviation de fréquence — [autres SERMO] < 200 ms ; Temps de réponse — Délai entre tout échelon de la fréquence du réseau et le moment où la puissance active répondant à cette déviation de fréquence atteint 90 % de sa valeur finale — [autres SERMO] < 1 s ” Translation: “ Reaction time — Time between detection of the system's frequency deviation and the start of the generating station's response to that frequency deviation — [other SERMOs] < 200 ms; Response time — Time between any step in system frequency and the moment when the active power responding to that frequency deviation reaches 90% of its final value — [other SERMOs] < 1 s [Hydro-Québec's own English version, Table 12, English PDF p.56] ” (Exigences techniques de raccordement de centrales au réseau de transport d'Hydro-Québec (Décision D-2022-088), accessed 2026-08-08)

Steady-state ranges: 59.4–60.6 Hz (±1 %); voltage ±6 % / ±10 % / -5 %..+4 % by voltage level Continuous operating range Steady-state system frequency may deviate ±1 % from nominal 60 Hz, i.e. 59.4–60.6 Hz; the plant must be designed to generate and deliver its projected maximum active power within this range. Steady-state operating voltage: ±6 % on 44-kV and 49-kV systems; ±10 % on 69-kV to 315-kV systems; -5 % to +4 % on the 735-kV system — with delivery of projected maximum active power required across the applicable range. Chapter 6 applies to all generating stations ≥ 1.0 MW, including SERMO/storage plants (chapters 5–11 apply to all plants except where superseded by chapter 12 — §§ 6.1 and 6.2 carry no SERMO supersession note, unlike §§ 6.3.1–6.3.3 and 6.4.1/6.4.3). BESS is therefore bound via the general generation-scoped rule. The voltage ranges are stated as characteristics of the transmission system within which the plant must deliver full output; § 6.1 adds that on some portions of the system the range may differ. Consistent with § 12.3, which requires reactive power availability across 0.9–1.1 p.u. Voltage and 59.4–60.6 Hz, and with Table 10 which marks 59.4–60.6 Hz as 'En continu' for SERMO plants. The design duty in the value ('must be designed to generate and deliver its projected maximum active power within this range') sits in §6.2 two lines above the quoted sentence, in the same clause; the quote reproduces the range itself. The same applies to the voltage side: the duty to deliver projected maximum active power across the applicable range is stated in the same § 6.1, cited but not quoted. § 6.2 « Plage de fréquence en régime permanent » + § 6.1 « Plages de tension d'exploitation en régime permanent »
The clauses this row cites

§ 6.2 « Plage de fréquence en régime permanent » — “ La fréquence du réseau en régime permanent peut varier de ± 1 % par rapport à la fréquence nominale de 60 Hz, soit entre 59,4 Hz et 60,6 Hz. ” Translation: “ The steady-state frequency of the system may deviate from its nominal frequency (60 Hz) by ±1%, i.e., from 59.4 to 60.6 Hz. [Hydro-Québec's own English version, § 6.2, English PDF p.19] ” (Exigences techniques de raccordement de centrales au réseau de transport d'Hydro-Québec (Décision D-2022-088), accessed 2026-08-08)

§ 6.1 « Plages de tension d'exploitation en régime permanent » — “ La tension d'exploitation en régime permanent sur le réseau de transport varie selon la tension nominale : • ± 6 % pour les réseaux à 44 kV et à 49 kV ; • ± 10 % pour les réseaux de 69 kV à 315 kV ; • - 5 % à + 4 % pour le réseau à 735 kV. ” Translation: “ The steady-state operating voltage of the Transmission System varies depending on the nominal voltage: • ±6% on 44-kV and 49-kV systems • ±10% on 69-kV to 315-kV systems • -5% to +4% on the 735-kV system [Hydro-Québec's own English version, § 6.1, English PDF p.19] ” (Exigences techniques de raccordement de centrales au réseau de transport d'Hydro-Québec (Décision D-2022-088), accessed 2026-08-08)

Controlled ramps: 2–20 min adjustable for 0→Pmax; 0.1–100 % of installed capacity per second in normal operation Ramp rate The plant must be able to control its active power with (a) for deliberate rises or falls: a controlled ramp with a minimum time adjustable from 2 to 20 minutes for an output variation from 0 MW (stopped) to Pmax; and (b) for active-power variations in normal operation: a controlled ramp at a rate adjustable from 0.1 % to 100 % of installed capacity per second. The Transmission Provider supplies the parameters to be respected depending on operating conditions. § 12.8 is a design-capability requirement on all SERMO plants (chapter 12 scope: ≥ 1.0 MW inverter-connected plants incl. energy storage systems per § 3) — BESS bound via the SERMO class, with no storage-specific carve-out and no separate charge vs discharge ramp values stated. The document fixes adjustable ranges, not a single operative MW/min limit; the operative settings come from the Transmission Provider. § 12.4.1 cross-references this section for power restoration after a frequency-response event. § 12.8 « Gestion des rampes de puissance active »
The clause this row cites

§ 12.8 « Gestion des rampes de puissance active » — “ La centrale utilisant des SERMO doit être conçue et réalisée de manière à pouvoir contrôler sa puissance selon les caractéristiques de rampes décrites ci-après : • lors des baisses ou des hausses volontaires de la puissance active : une rampe contrôlée avec un temps minimum ajustable de 2 à 20 minutes pour une variation de production de 0 MW (départ à l'arrêt) à Pmax (puissance maximale) de la centrale ; • lors des variations de la puissance active durant l'exploitation normale : une rampe contrôlée à un taux ajustable de 0,1 % à 100 % de la puissance installée par seconde. Le Transporteur fournira les paramètres à respecter selon les conditions d'exploitation. ” Translation: “ The generating station using SERMOs must be designed and built to control its power in accordance with the characteristics of the following ramps: • During deliberate rises or falls in active power: a controlled ramp-up time adjustable from 2 to 20 minutes for a generating station output variation from 0 MW (stopped) to Pmax (maximum output). • During active power variations during normal operation: a controlled ramp-up at an adjustable rate of 0.1% to 100% of installed capacity per second. The Transmission Provider will supply parameters to be respected depending on operating conditions. [Hydro-Québec's own English version, § 12.8, English PDF p.59] ” (Exigences techniques de raccordement de centrales au réseau de transport d'Hydro-Québec (Décision D-2022-088), accessed 2026-08-08)

ROCOF withstand ±4 Hz/s RoCoF withstand The plant must remain in service during a system frequency variation ranging from -4 Hz/s to +4 Hz/s following a disturbance. No measuring window is stated. Binds every SERMO plant (inverter-connected, incl. energy storage systems per § 3 scope) — BESS bound via the SERMO class. Sits in § 12.2.3 alongside the Table 10 frequency-duration envelope; the same section's requirements also apply to SERMO plants connected to the distribution system, municipal systems or the SJBR cooperative. For synchronous plants the counterpart section is § 6.3.3 (superseded by § 12.2.3 for SERMO plants). § 12.2.3 « Comportement de la centrale utilisant des SERMO lors de variations de fréquence »
The clause this row cites

§ 12.2.3 « Comportement de la centrale utilisant des SERMO lors de variations de fréquence » — “ De plus, la centrale doit demeurer en service lors d'une variation de la fréquence du réseau allant de -4 Hz / seconde à +4 Hz / seconde, à la suite d'une perturbation. ” Translation: “ The generating station must in addition remain in service during a system frequency variation ranging from -4 Hz/s to +4 Hz/s following a disturbance. [Hydro-Québec's own English version, § 12.2.3, English PDF p.51] ” (Exigences techniques de raccordement de centrales au réseau de transport d'Hydro-Québec (Décision D-2022-088), accessed 2026-08-08)

Reactive current injection during disturbances up to maximum transient capacity; disturbance-mode Q response < 16 ms reaction / 100 ms Fault-current injection During a disturbance, absent inverter blocking, the plant must be able to inject reactive current (capacitive or inductive) depending on the severity of the disturbance measured at the inverter, up to its maximum transient capacity, to help correct voltage toward nominal, reduce voltage unbalance and allow protections to operate. No numeric proportional gain (k-factor, % current per % voltage deviation) is specified. Associated voltage-regulation performance during disturbances (Table 11): reaction time < 16 ms, response time 100 ms (to 90 % of final reactive power), settling band -2.5 % / +10 % of the generating unit's maximum current. Binds SERMO plants (incl. energy storage systems per § 3 scope) — BESS bound via the SERMO class. The injection requirement is qualitative ('en fonction de la sévérité de la perturbation'), measured at the inverter, and capped only by transient capability; the document states no k-gain, no explicit active-vs-reactive priority rule, and no negative-sequence injection requirement during faults. Table 11's 'Lors de perturbations' column (footnote 4: sudden voltage variations beyond normal operating limits detected at the generating units' terminals) quantifies the reactive response speed; per its footnote 3 the response-time value varies with system characteristics and the Transmission Provider supplies the settings. § 12.3 cross-references § 12.2.2.2 for reactive current injection during disturbances. Continuous negative-sequence current injection (§ 12.14) is only an option the producer may propose and guarantee, not a requirement. The settling band (-2.5 % / +10 % of the generating unit's maximum current) is stated in the same Tableau 11 (French PDF p. 58) but is not carried in the quoted rows. § 12.2.2.2 « Injection de courant lors de perturbations » + Tableau 11 « Paramètres de performance associés à la fonction de régulation de tension de la centrale utilisant des SERMO », column « Lors de perturbations », rows « Temps de réaction » and « Temps de réponse »
The clauses this row cites

§ 12.2.2.2 « Injection de courant lors de perturbations » — “ Lors d'une perturbation, s'il n'y a pas de blocage des onduleurs, la centrale doit pouvoir injecter un courant réactif (capacitif ou inductif) en fonction de la sévérité de la perturbation mesurée à l'onduleur et ce, jusqu'au maximum de sa capacité transitoire dans le but de contribuer à corriger la tension vers sa valeur nominale, de réduire le déséquilibre de tension et de permettre le bon fonctionnement des protections. ” Translation: “ During a disturbance, if there is no inverter blocking, the generating station must be able to inject reactive current (capacitive or inductive) depending on the severity of the disturbance measured at the inverter up to its maximum transient capacity in order to contribute to bringing the voltage towards its nominal value, to reduce the voltage unbalance and to allow protections to function properly. [Hydro-Québec's own English version, § 12.2.2.2, English PDF p.51] ” (Exigences techniques de raccordement de centrales au réseau de transport d'Hydro-Québec (Décision D-2022-088), accessed 2026-08-08)

Tableau 11 « Paramètres de performance associés à la fonction de régulation de tension de la centrale utilisant des SERMO », column « Lors de perturbations », rows « Temps de réaction » and « Temps de réponse » — “ Temps de réaction — Délai entre la variation de tension et le début de la réponse de la centrale à cette variation de tension — [Lors de perturbations] < 16 ms ; Temps de réponse — Délai entre le début de la réponse à une variation de tension et le moment où la puissance réactive atteint 90% de sa valeur finale — [Lors de perturbations] 100 ms ” Translation: “ Reaction time — Time between a voltage variation and the start of the generating station's response to that voltage variation — [During disturbances] < 16 ms; Response time — Time between the start of the response to a voltage variation and the moment when the reactive power reaches 90% of its final value — [During disturbances] 100 ms [Hydro-Québec's own English version, Table 11, English PDF p.54] ” (Exigences techniques de raccordement de centrales au réseau de transport d'Hydro-Québec (Décision D-2022-088), accessed 2026-08-08)

Scope

Who does Quebec (Hydro-Quebec D-2022-088) bind, and since when?

Generating stations on the Hydro-Quebec transmission system. The LVRT clause quoted above carries the date of effect — "effective July 15, 2022".

These figures are a reading aid, not legal advice. Grid codes are reissued: verify against the current edition before you design to them.

Curve data last checked against the code on — 66 standards, 130 envelopes, published by bess.engineer under CC BY 4.0.

Questions

Questions this page answers about Quebec (Hydro-Quebec D-2022-088)

Does Quebec (Hydro-Quebec D-2022-088) require ride-through, or only that the plant does not trip?
Ride-through. Every envelope on this page is a performance duty the plant must meet, not a protection-setting no-trip boundary — they are different obligations. That is what these curves are; they are not everything Quebec (Hydro-Quebec D-2022-088) contains. The requirement sentence under each chart says which side of the curve is the compliant one.
Are the numbers on this page taken from Quebec (Hydro-Quebec D-2022-088) itself?
Yes. Every breakpoint is read from the code, and each envelope carries the clause it came from, quoted in full under its chart — so you can check the figure against the standard rather than cite it from this page.
Which events are charted for Quebec (Hydro-Quebec D-2022-088)?
Quebec (Hydro-Quebec D-2022-088) is charted here with 3 envelopes — low-voltage ride-through, high-voltage ride-through, frequency ride-through (LVRT, HVRT, FRT).
Related

Ride-through, in context.

An envelope is a compliance boundary; understanding why it exists is a different question. The ride-through and grid-forming entries cover the engineering, and the Engineering Foundations course builds it from the physics up.

Also for Canada: Ontario (IESO Market Rules App. 4.2), Canada (Alberta AESO)

Elsewhere in North America: Mexico (Codigo de Red), ERCOT (NOG 2.9.1), IEEE 1547-2018 Cat III, IEEE 2800-2022, and 9 more