Does IEEE 2800-2022 require ride-through, or only that the plant does not trip?

Ride-through, for the envelopes on this page — that is what each of them is. It is not everything IEEE 2800-2022 contains: the clauses quoted under the charts also address when the plant may or must trip. The requirement sentence under each chart says which side of the curve is the compliant one.

Are the numbers on this page taken from IEEE 2800-2022 itself?

Every breakpoint is read from the code, and where a point was taken off a published figure rather than stated in the clause, the section under that chart says so — on this page that includes a tail plotted above the voltage its clause states or a table read from an authorised reprint. The clause each curve came from is quoted under it.

Which events are charted for IEEE 2800-2022?

IEEE 2800-2022 is charted here with 3 envelopes — low-voltage ride-through, high-voltage ride-through, frequency ride-through (LVRT, HVRT, FRT).

IEEE 2800-2022 ride-through requirements

Low-voltage ride-through, High-voltage ride-through, Frequency ride-through for the United States. Every breakpoint below is read from the code itself, and where a point was taken off a published figure rather than stated in the clause, the section under that chart says so — a tail plotted above the voltage its clause states or a table read from an authorised reprint.

3Envelopes

LVRT · HVRT · FRTEvents

Transmission Connection level

LVRT

What is the low-voltage ride-through envelope for IEEE 2800-2022?

The plant must ride through for any voltage that stays on or above this envelope. The envelope holds 0 pu from t = 0 to 320 ms; then 0.25 pu from 320 ms to 1.2 s; then 0.5 pu from 1.2 s to 3 s; then 0.7 pu from 3 s to 6 s; then 0.9 pu from 6 s onward — the last band the envelope defines, with no stated end time.

The last band has no stated end time. The clause below states a continuous region — highlighted. Read from an authorised reprint of the table rather than the standard itself, and cross-checked against the other codes cited below.

Applies to IBR plants at the transmission point of interconnection

Low-voltage ride-through envelope for IEEE 2800-2022. Time runs on a logarithmic axis. Scroll the chart sideways for the rest of the time axis →

Low-voltage ride-through breakpoints for IEEE 2800-2022
From	To	Voltage	Between the points
0	320 ms	0 pu	Held flat
320 ms	1.2 s	0.25 pu	Held flat
1.2 s	3 s	0.5 pu	Held flat
3 s	6 s	0.7 pu	Held flat
6 s	no stated end	0.9 pu	Held flat

The clause this came from

IEEE 2800-2022 Clause 7.2.2.1 voltage ride-through table for 'plants without aux. load limitations' (solar/BESS), reproduced with IEEE copyright permission on slide 44 of the official IEEE PES / IEEE 2800 WG + SEIA/ACP joint webinar (31 May 2022): V>1.20 may trip; V>1.10 mandatory 1.0 s; V>1.05 continuous 1800 s; V<0.90 mandatory 6.00 s; V<0.70 3.00 s; V<0.50 1.20 s; V<0.25 0.32 s; V<0.10 permissive 0.32 s — with the step-curve plotted at 0.32/1.2/3.0/6.0 s. (slide 44; slide 43 is the wind table with 3.00/2.50/1.20/0.16/0.16). Independently corroborated by NERC PRC-029-1 Attachment 1 Table 2 ('All Other IBR' incl. PV+BESS: 6.00/3.00/1.20/0.32/0.32) and by the ERCOT NOGRR245 Voltage Ride-Through Capability Table ('Preferred Requirements … PVGR or ESR': 0.7 pu→6.0 s, 0.5→3.0, 0.25→1.2, 0→0.32).

HVRT

What is the high-voltage ride-through envelope for IEEE 2800-2022?

The plant must ride through for any voltage that stays on or below this envelope. The envelope holds 1.2 pu from t = 0 to 1 s; then 1.1 pu from 1 s onward — the last band the envelope defines, with no stated end time. Correction: the plotted tail holds a higher voltage than the clause states — past the last band plotted here the clause states a lower ceiling, so size to the clause, not to this curve.

Applies to IBR plants at the transmission point of interconnection

High-voltage ride-through envelope for IEEE 2800-2022. Time runs on a logarithmic axis. Scroll the chart sideways for the rest of the time axis →

High-voltage ride-through breakpoints for IEEE 2800-2022
From	To	Voltage	Between the points
0	1 s	1.2 pu	Held flat
1 s	no stated end	1.1 pu	Held flat

The clause this came from

IEEE 2800-2022 Clause 7.2.2.1 table (IEEE-copyright reprint, IEEE PES/2800 WG webinar slide 44): 'V > 1.20 — may ride-through or may trip — NA; V > 1.10 — Mandatory operation — 1.0 s; V > 1.05 — Continuous operation — 1800 s'. Matches NERC PRC-029-1 Attachment 1 Table 2 ('>1.10 Mandatory Operation 1.0 s; >1.05 Continuous 1800 s') and ERCOT NOGRR245 ('1.2 pu → 1 s' preferred requirement).

This envelope holds a higher voltage than the clause does. Past the last band plotted here the clause states a LOWER ceiling, so the curve above demands more over-voltage tolerance than the code requires — and the shaded region is larger than the code's, not smaller. Size to the clause, not to this curve.

FRT

What is the frequency ride-through envelope for IEEE 2800-2022?

The plant must ride through between the upper and lower bands. The upper (over-frequency) band holds 61.8 Hz from t = 0 to 299 s; then 61.2 Hz from 299 s onward — the last band the envelope defines, with no stated end time. The lower (under-frequency) band holds 57 Hz from t = 0 to 299 s; then 58.8 Hz from 299 s onward — the last band the envelope defines, with no stated end time.

The last band has no stated end time. The clause below states a continuous region — highlighted; check which band it covers, because it is not always the last one. Read from an authorised reprint of the table rather than the standard itself, and cross-checked against the other codes cited below.

Applies to IBR plants at the transmission point of interconnection

Frequency ride-through envelope for IEEE 2800-2022. Time runs on a logarithmic axis. Scroll the chart sideways for the rest of the time axis →

Upper limit

Frequency ride-through breakpoints for IEEE 2800-2022 — Upper limit
From	To	Frequency	Between the points
0	299 s	61.8 Hz	Held flat
299 s	no stated end	61.2 Hz	Held flat

Lower limit

Frequency ride-through breakpoints for IEEE 2800-2022 — Lower limit
From	To	Frequency	Between the points
0	299 s	57 Hz	Held flat
299 s	no stated end	58.8 Hz	Held flat

The clause this came from

IEEE 2800-2022 Clause 7.3.2.1 frequency ride-through table (IEEE-copyright reprint, IEEE PES/2800 WG + SEIA/ACP webinar slide 35): 'f1,f4 | +3, −5 | 299.0 (t1) | Mandatory operation' and 'f2,f3 | +2, −2 | ∞ | Continuous operation'. Corroborated by NERC PRC-029-1 Attachment 2 Table 3: >61.8 may trip; >61.2 → 299 s; 58.8–61.2 continuous; <58.8 → 299 s; <57.0 may trip.

Beyond ride-through

Operating requirements beyond the envelopes.

The envelopes above are what IEEE 2800-2022 demands during a disturbance. The rows below are the same regime’s operating and fault-response requirements — reactive capability, frequency response, RoCoF withstand and fault-current injection — each researched from the document its own row cites, separately from the plotted corpus. Every row carries its clause and a verbatim quote, so you can check it the same way. A row marked secondary source was read from an authoritative summary, not the standard itself, and is labelled so it cannot pass as clause-stated text.

Supplementary operating requirements for IEEE 2800-2022
Requirement	What the code states	Clause
Minimum reactive power capability ±0.3287 pu of ICR/ICAR at the RPA Reactive capability	Minimum reactive power capability at the reference point of applicability (default RPA: point of measurement): \|Qmin\| = 0.3287 × ICR in both injection and absorption while the plant injects active power (capability rectangle spanning P = 0 to ICR), and \|Qmin\| = 0.3287 × ICAR in both directions while the plant absorbs active power (P = 0 to ICAR). Basis: ICR = IBR continuous rating; ICAR = IBR continuous absorption rating. Binds transmission/sub-transmission IBR (inverter-based resource) plants with storage explicitly in scope (deck scope slide: wind, solar & energy storage, and VSC-HVDC-connected IBR). The absorption-side envelope (0.3287 × ICAR) is the one that binds a BESS while charging; the deck shows symmetric injection/absorption rectangles for both power-flow directions. Values are read from a secondary source: figure labels on the IEEE P2800 WG's SEIA-ACP joint webinar deck (IEEE-authorized reprint), pp. 28-29. Full capability applies only within a voltage window at the RPA: at V1 = 0.90 pu the required injection capability reduces to 0.70 × Qmin, and the voltage-threshold table (deck p. 30) carries the printed note 'TS Owner/Operator may specify different values/thresholds.' Exceptions shown for Type III WTG-based plants (reduced characteristic below 0.1 × ICR (IBR continuous rating)) and AC-connected offshore plants.	Slides 'Min. Reactive Power Capability vs Active Power Injection' and 'Min. Reactive Power Capability vs Active Power Absorption' (deck pp. 28-29); voltage dependence on slide 'Min. Reactive Power Capability at RPA vs Voltage' (deck p. 30) + Slide 'Scope of IEEE 2800 Standard' (deck p. 18) secondary source
The clauses this row cites Slides 'Min. Reactive Power Capability vs Active Power Injection' and 'Min. Reactive Power Capability vs Active Power Absorption' (deck pp. 28-29); voltage dependence on slide 'Min. Reactive Power Capability at RPA vs Voltage' (deck p. 30) — “ \|Qmin\| = 0.3287ICAR ('ICAR – IBR continuous absorption rating') ” (IEEE Std 2800-2022 — SEIA-ACP Joint Webinar deck (IEEE P2800 WG, May 31, 2022), accessed 2026-08-08)* Slide 'Scope of IEEE 2800 Standard' (deck p. 18) — “ Applicable to IBRs like wind, solar & energy storage, and any IBR connected via VSC-HVDC. ” (IEEE Std 2800-2022 — SEIA-ACP Joint Webinar deck (IEEE P2800 WG, May 31, 2022), accessed 2026-08-08)
Reactive/voltage control modes and plant voltage-control response Reactive capability	The IBR plant shall provide three mutually exclusive reactive power control modes: RPA voltage control, power factor control, reactive power set point control. RPA voltage control performance targets (deck p. 31 table): reaction time < 200 ms; maximum step response time 'As required by the TS operator' (deck note: typical step response time ranges between 1 s and 30 s); damping ratio of 0.3 or higher; any switched shunts or LTC transformer tap change operation needed to restore the dynamic reactive power capability shall respond within 60 s. Binds the IBR plant (storage in scope via the standard's scope) at the RPA. The step response time is deliberately not a fixed number in IEEE 2800 — the TS operator specifies it; only the reaction time (< 200 ms) and damping (≥ 0.3) are fixed performance targets, and the 1-30 s range is described as 'typical', not a limit. Values read from a secondary source: table on p. 31 of the IEEE P2800 WG SEIA-ACP webinar deck (IEEE-authorized reprint).	Slide 'Voltage and Reactive Power Control Modes' (deck p. 31) + Same slide, RPA voltage control notes (deck p. 31) secondary source
The clauses this row cites Slide 'Voltage and Reactive Power Control Modes' (deck p. 31) — “ The IBR plant shall provide the following mutually exclusive modes of reactive power control functions: ” (IEEE Std 2800-2022 — SEIA-ACP Joint Webinar deck (IEEE P2800 WG, May 31, 2022), accessed 2026-08-08) Same slide, RPA voltage control notes (deck p. 31) — “ Any switched shunts or LTC transformer tap change operation needed to restore the dynamic reactive power capability shall respond within 60 s. ” (IEEE Std 2800-2022 — SEIA-ACP Joint Webinar deck (IEEE P2800 WG, May 31, 2022), accessed 2026-08-08)
Primary frequency response: 5% default droop, adjustable 2-5%; deadband settings Frequency response	PFR capability required in both the continuous and mandatory operation regions. Droop kUF / kOF: default value 5%, range of available settings 2% (minimum) to 5% (maximum). Deadband dbUF / dbOF (units column: Hz): default value 0.06% × fnom, range of available settings 0.025% × fnom (minimum) to 1.6% × fnom (maximum). (At fnom = 60 Hz the default deadband equals 0.036 Hz — computed from the printed percentage; not itself printed on the slide.) PFR dynamic performance (deck p. 37 table): reaction time default 0.50 s (settings 0.20-1 s; 0.5 s minimum for WTG), rise time default 4.0 s (settings 2.0-20 s; 4.0 s minimum for WTG), settling time default 10.0 s (settings 10-30 s), damping ratio default 0.3 (settings 0.2-1.0), settling band default Max(2.5% of change or 0.5% of ICR) (settings 1-5% of change). Binds IBR plants including energy storage (in scope per deck p. 18). IEEE 2800 specifies capability with default values and ranges of available settings; the deployed setting within those ranges is an operational choice outside the standard's purview ('Utilization of these capabilities is outside the purview of 2800', deck p. 26). Values read from a secondary source: parameter tables (slide images) on pp. 36-37 of the IEEE P2800 WG SEIA-ACP webinar deck, transcribed from the rendered pages. Clause mapping printed in the deck's P2800.2 slide (p. 60): '6.1 Primary Frequency Response (PFR)'.	Slides 'Primary Frequency Response (PFR) Capability' (deck p. 36) and 'Primary Frequency Response (PFR) Dynamic Performance' (deck p. 37); clause number as printed in deck p. 60 table: '6.1 Primary Frequency Response (PFR)' + Slide 'Primary Frequency Response (PFR) Dynamic Performance' (deck p. 37) secondary source
The clauses this row cites Slides 'Primary Frequency Response (PFR) Capability' (deck p. 36) and 'Primary Frequency Response (PFR) Dynamic Performance' (deck p. 37); clause number as printed in deck p. 60 table: '6.1 Primary Frequency Response (PFR)' — “ PFR capability for both Continuous and Mandatory Operation Regions ” (IEEE Std 2800-2022 — SEIA-ACP Joint Webinar deck (IEEE P2800 WG, May 31, 2022), accessed 2026-08-08) Slide 'Primary Frequency Response (PFR) Dynamic Performance' (deck p. 37) — “ Stable and damped response shall take precedence over rise time and settling time. ” (IEEE Std 2800-2022 — SEIA-ACP Joint Webinar deck (IEEE P2800 WG, May 31, 2022), accessed 2026-08-08)
Fast frequency response capability (under-frequency), response time adjustable to ≤ 1 s Frequency response	FFR capability is required for under-frequency conditions (the deck's capability map shows ' "may" for over-frequency conditions'). FFR shall be an autonomous function; the FFR response time capability shall be adjustable to no greater than 1 second including the reaction time for triggering FFR; oscillations shall be positively damped with a damping ratio of 0.3 or better; the IBR plant shall be capable of sustaining FFR for as long as the plant energy resource is available or until supplanted by primary, secondary or tertiary frequency response, whichever is less; active power response during FFR may temporarily exceed the IBR continuous rating (ICR) but shall not exceed the IBR short-term rating (ISR). Utilization of FFR capability shall not be enabled by default. FFR1 variant (proportional to frequency deviation): frequency threshold fUF,FFR1 default 99.94% of fnom (settings 99.17%-99.94% of fnom); gain kUF,FFR1 default 1% (settings 1%-5%). Capability requirement, not a utilization mandate — the standard requires the capability to exist but its use is 'not... enabled by default' and 'may be deployed for the purposes of ancillary service offering'. For a BESS the sustain requirement is bounded by the plant energy resource ('for as long as the IBR plant energy resource is available'). Values read from a secondary source: deck pp. 38-40 (IEEE-authorized reprint). Clause mapping printed in deck p. 60: '6.2 Fast Frequency Response (FFR)'.	Slides 'Fast Frequency Response (FFR) Capability Requirements' (deck p. 38), 'FFR Performance Requirements (General)' (deck p. 39), 'FFR Performance Requirements' (deck p. 40); clause number as printed in deck p. 60 table: '6.2 Fast Frequency Response (FFR)' + Slide 'Fast Frequency Response (FFR) Capability Requirements' (deck p. 38) secondary source
The clauses this row cites Slides 'Fast Frequency Response (FFR) Capability Requirements' (deck p. 38), 'FFR Performance Requirements (General)' (deck p. 39), 'FFR Performance Requirements' (deck p. 40); clause number as printed in deck p. 60 table: '6.2 Fast Frequency Response (FFR)' — “ The FFR response time capability, shall be adjustable to no greater than 1 second, including the reaction time for triggering FFR ” (IEEE Std 2800-2022 — SEIA-ACP Joint Webinar deck (IEEE P2800 WG, May 31, 2022), accessed 2026-08-08) Slide 'Fast Frequency Response (FFR) Capability Requirements' (deck p. 38) — “ Utilization of FFR capability of IBR plant shall not be enabled by default ” (IEEE Std 2800-2022 — SEIA-ACP Joint Webinar deck (IEEE P2800 WG, May 31, 2022), accessed 2026-08-08)
ROCOF ride-through capability up to 5.0 Hz/s RoCoF withstand	Capability to ride through an absolute ROCOF magnitude that is less than or equal to 5.0 Hz/s. The averaging/measurement window is not stated in either secondary source consulted (the measurement basis would be defined in the paywalled standard text, which was not read here). Binds IBR plants including energy storage (in scope per deck p. 18). Value read from secondary sources: identical sentence in the IEEE P2800 WG SEIA-ACP webinar deck (p. 50, slide numbered 68) and the NERC-hosted EPRI-NAGF-NATF-NERC webinar deck (p. 58). The deck groups this under 'Other Capability/Performance Requirements' within the ride-through/protection domain; the P2800.2 mapping table (deck p. 60) prints the clause family as '7.3.2 Frequency disturbance ride-through requirements'.	Slide 'Other Capability/Performance Requirements' (deck p. 50, slide numbered 68) + Slide 'Other Capability/Performance Requirements' (NERC-hosted deck p. 58) secondary source
The clauses this row cites Slide 'Other Capability/Performance Requirements' (deck p. 50, slide numbered 68) — “ Capability to ride through an absolute ROCOF magnitude that is less than or equal to 5.0 Hz/s ” (IEEE Std 2800-2022 — SEIA-ACP Joint Webinar deck (IEEE P2800 WG, May 31, 2022), accessed 2026-08-08) Slide 'Other Capability/Performance Requirements' (NERC-hosted deck p. 58) — “ Capability to ride through an absolute ROCOF magnitude that is less than or equal to 5.0 Hz/s ” (IEEE Std 2800-2022 — EPRI-NAGF-NATF-NERC Joint Webinar deck (May 3, 2022), accessed 2026-08-08)
Voltage-dependent current injection, current priority modes, negative-sequence injection Fault-current injection	During ride-through (including fault conditions): the type and magnitude of current injection shall be dependent on the voltage at the inverter (IBR unit) terminals; for system disturbances/balanced faults the IBR shall have the capability to operate in active or reactive current priority mode (in reactive current priority mode: increased injection of reactive current); for unbalanced faults there are requirements for injection of negative sequence reactive current. Voltage ride-through performance for all IBR units other than Type III WTGs: step response time ≤ 2.5 cycles, settling time ≤ 4 cycles, settling band max of (±10% of required change or ±2.5% of IBR unit maximum current). No numeric injection gain (k-factor / % current per % voltage) is specified — the deck states 'No specification of current magnitude'. Binds IBR units/plants including energy storage. The RPA for these unit-level performance requirements is the point of connection (POC), per the deck callout 'RPA: Point of Connection'. Slower response/settling times are permitted with mutual agreement between TS owner and IBR owner — a negotiable element, not a fixed limit. Read from a secondary source: deck pp. 46-47 (IEEE-authorized reprint); clause family printed in deck p. 60 table as '7.2.2 Voltage disturbance ride-through requirements'. Negative-sequence magnitude/priority details of the published standard are not quantified in the deck. Provenance: the quote is the contiguous bullet list of the deck slide, transcribed with its line breaks; the standard's own clause text is paywalled.	Slide 'Voltage Ride-Through Performance Requirements' (deck p. 47) + Slide 'Voltage Ride-Through Performance' (deck p. 46) secondary source
The clauses this row cites Slide 'Voltage Ride-Through Performance Requirements' (deck p. 47) — “ Type & Magnitude of current injection shall be dependent on voltage at inverter (IBR unit) terminals. System Disturbance/Balanced Faults: - Capability to operate in active or reactive current priority mode - In reactive current priority mode: increased injection of reactive current Unbalanced faults: - Requirements for injection of negative sequence reactive current. ” (IEEE Std 2800-2022 — SEIA-ACP Joint Webinar deck (IEEE P2800 WG, May 31, 2022), accessed 2026-08-08) Slide 'Voltage Ride-Through Performance' (deck p. 46) — “ Slower response/settling time is permitted with mutual agreement between TS owner and IBR owner. ” (IEEE Std 2800-2022 — SEIA-ACP Joint Webinar deck (IEEE P2800 WG, May 31, 2022), accessed 2026-08-08)

Scope

Who does IEEE 2800-2022 bind, and since when?

IBR plants at the transmission point of interconnection. No date of effect is published here — grid codes are reissued, so check the current issue before relying on it.

These figures are a reading aid, not legal advice. Grid codes are reissued: verify against the current edition before you design to them.

Curve data last checked against the code on 2026-08-11 — 66 standards, 130 envelopes, published by bess.engineer under CC BY 4.0.

Questions

Questions this page answers about IEEE 2800-2022

Does IEEE 2800-2022 require ride-through, or only that the plant does not trip?: Ride-through, for the envelopes on this page — that is what each of them is. It is not everything IEEE 2800-2022 contains: the clauses quoted under the charts also address when the plant may or must trip. The requirement sentence under each chart says which side of the curve is the compliant one.
Are the numbers on this page taken from IEEE 2800-2022 itself?: Every breakpoint is read from the code, and where a point was taken off a published figure rather than stated in the clause, the section under that chart says so — on this page that includes a tail plotted above the voltage its clause states or a table read from an authorised reprint. The clause each curve came from is quoted under it.
Which events are charted for IEEE 2800-2022?: IEEE 2800-2022 is charted here with 3 envelopes — low-voltage ride-through, high-voltage ride-through, frequency ride-through (LVRT, HVRT, FRT).

Ride-through, in context.

An envelope is a compliance boundary; understanding why it exists is a different question. The ride-through and grid-forming entries cover the engineering, and the Engineering Foundations course builds it from the physics up.

Also for the United States: IEEE 1547-2018 Cat III, NERC PRC-029-1 (Table 1: AC-connected wind IBR), Transient overvoltage (IEEE 2800 TOV), California Rule 21, ERCOT (NOG 2.6.2.1), ERCOT (NOG 2.9.1.2 legacy), and 5 more

All 66 grid codes Open the chart