China (GB/T 36547-2024) ride-through requirements
Low-voltage ride-through, High-voltage ride-through, Frequency ride-through for China. Every breakpoint below is read from the code itself, and where a point was taken off a published figure rather than stated in the clause, the section under that chart says so — an envelope that stops where its published chart stops.
What is the low-voltage ride-through envelope for China (GB/T 36547-2024)?
The plant must ride through for any voltage that stays on or above this envelope. The envelope holds 0 pu from t = 0 to 150 ms; then 0.2 pu from 150 ms to 625 ms; then ramps linearly from 0.2 pu at 625 ms to 0.9 pu at 2 s; then 0.9 pu from 2 s onward — the last band the envelope defines, with no stated end time.
The clause states this boundary as a line; intermediate points are interpolated between its stated vertices.
Applies to Electrochemical energy storage stations connecting at 10(6) kV and above
| From | To | Voltage | Between the points |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 150 ms | 0 pu | Held flat |
| 150 ms | 625 ms | 0.2 pu | Held flat |
| 625 ms | 2 s | 0.2 → 0.9 pu | Ramps linearly |
| 2 s | no stated end | 0.9 pu | Held flat |
The clause this came from
GB/T 36547—2024《电化学储能电站接入电网技术规定》 (Technical requirements for connecting electrochemical energy storage station to power grid), issued 2024-05-28, in force 2024-12-01, superseding GB/T 36547—2018. Applies to stations connecting at 10(6) kV and above. Clause 8.1.1 and 图1: (a) 电压跌落至零 — ride through at least 150 ms; (b) 跌落至标称电压的20% — at least 625 ms; (c) 跌落至标称电压的90% — at least 2 s. The contour rises linearly between the 0.2 pu and 0.9 pu points, which is why this is published as a ramp. Note to 图1: for three-phase and phase-to-phase faults the assessed quantity is the line voltage at the point of connection; for a single-phase earth fault it is the phase voltage.
What is the high-voltage ride-through envelope for China (GB/T 36547-2024)?
The plant must ride through for any voltage that stays on or below this envelope. The envelope holds 1.3 pu from t = 0 to 500 ms; then 1.25 pu from 500 ms to 1 s; then 1.2 pu from 1 s to 10 s; then 1.1 pu from 10 s onward — the last band the envelope defines, with no stated end time.
Every breakpoint is stated in the clause cited below.
Applies to Electrochemical energy storage stations connecting at 10(6) kV and above
| From | To | Voltage | Between the points |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 500 ms | 1.3 pu | Held flat |
| 500 ms | 1 s | 1.25 pu | Held flat |
| 1 s | 10 s | 1.2 pu | Held flat |
| 10 s | no stated end | 1.1 pu | Held flat |
The clause this came from
GB/T 36547—2024《电化学储能电站接入电网技术规定》 (Technical requirements for connecting electrochemical energy storage station to power grid), issued 2024-05-28, in force 2024-12-01, superseding GB/T 36547—2018. Applies to stations connecting at 10(6) kV and above. Clause 8.2.1 and 图2: (a) 125%–130% of nominal — ride through at least 500 ms; (b) 120%–125% — at least 1 s; (c) 110%–120% — at least 10 s. Clause 8.2.1(d): during the over-voltage the station should hold its pre-fault active power, and maximum charge/discharge current capability shall be at least 1.05 times rated current IN.
What is the frequency ride-through envelope for China (GB/T 36547-2024)?
The plant must ride through between the upper and lower bands. The upper (over-frequency) band holds 51.5 Hz from t = 0, plotted to 60 min. The lower (under-frequency) band holds 46.5 Hz from t = 0, plotted to 60 min. Correction: one band here stops at the published chart’s window while the clause quoted below states continuous operation across the same range — where the two disagree, the clause governs.
The envelope stops where the published chart stops; the code states no end time.
Applies to Electrochemical energy storage stations connecting at 10(6) kV and above
Upper limit
| From | To | Frequency | Between the points |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | plotted to 60 min | 51.5 Hz | Held flat |
Lower limit
| From | To | Frequency | Between the points |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | plotted to 60 min | 46.5 Hz | Held flat |
The clause this came from
GB/T 36547—2024《电化学储能电站接入电网技术规定》 (Technical requirements for connecting electrochemical energy storage station to power grid), issued 2024-05-28, in force 2024-12-01, superseding GB/T 36547—2018. Applies to stations connecting at 10(6) kV and above. Clause 9.3.1 表2 (frequency adaptability): below 46.5 Hz the station shall not be charging and disconnects per its minimum allowed frequency or dispatch instruction; 46.5–48.5 Hz it runs continuously, and a charging or idle station must switch to discharging within 0.2 s; 48.5–50.5 Hz is normal operation; 50.5–51.5 Hz it runs continuously, and a discharging or idle station must switch to charging within 0.2 s; above 51.5 Hz it shall not be discharging and disconnects. The table sets no time limit inside 46.5–51.5 Hz, so the band is a continuous-operation requirement rather than a time-limited one. Clause 9.3.2 adds that the station rides through a frequency rate of change up to ±2 Hz/s measured over a 0.5 s window.
This row stops at the chart window, and the clause does not. One band here stops at a fixed time, while the clause above speaks of continuous operation across the same range — and the other band of the same row has no stated end. Where the chart and the clause disagree, the clause governs.
Operating requirements beyond the envelopes.
The envelopes above are what China (GB/T 36547-2024) demands during a disturbance. The rows below are the same regime’s operating and fault-response requirements — reactive capability, frequency response, continuous operating range, ramp rate, RoCoF withstand and fault-current injection — each researched from the document its own row cites, separately from the plotted corpus. Every row carries its clause and a verbatim quote, so you can check it the same way.
| Requirement | What the code states | Clause |
|---|---|---|
| Power factor 0.9 leading – 0.9 lagging, continuously adjustable at POI Reactive capability | Power factor at the grid-connection point (并网点) shall be continuously adjustable within 0.9 (leading) to 0.9 (lagging); reactive-power control deviation within the adjustable range shall not exceed ±3% of rated power (额定功率) Binds electrochemical energy storage stations directly — the whole standard is storage-scoped (Clause 1: applies to new, modified and expanded stations connecting to the public grid at 10(6) kV and above). Requirement is at the point of interconnection. Stated as a PF range only; the standard gives no Q/Pmax value or U-Q/P-Q envelope table, and no charge-vs-discharge asymmetry for reactive capability. Control-mode requirement (5.2.2) adds PF / Q / voltage control modes with online switching. Basis for the ±3% deviation is rated power (额定功率). | 5.2.3 + 5.2.4 |
The clauses this row cites5.2.3 — “ 电化学储能电站并网点功率因数应在 0.9(超前)～0.9(滞后)范围内连续可调。 ” Translation: “ The power factor at the grid-connection point of the electrochemical energy storage station shall be continuously adjustable within the range 0.9 (leading) to 0.9 (lagging). ” (GB/T 36547-2024 电化学储能电站接入电网技术规定, accessed 2026-08-08) 5.2.4 — “ 电化学储能电站在无功功率可调节范围内，无功功率控制偏差不应超过额定功率的±3%。 ” Translation: “ Within the adjustable reactive power range of the electrochemical energy storage station, the reactive power control deviation shall not exceed ±3% of the rated power. ” (GB/T 36547-2024 电化学储能电站接入电网技术规定, accessed 2026-08-08) | ||
| Primary frequency control: droop 0.5%–3%, deadband ±(0.03–0.05) Hz Frequency response | PFC droop (一次调频调差率) shall (应) be 0.5%–3%; PFC deadband should (宜) be set at ±(0.03–0.05) Hz. Response follows ΔPt = −(1/δ)×(Δf/fN)×PN with PN = station rated active power Binds electrochemical energy storage stations directly, at the grid-connection point. Note the modal difference: droop range is mandatory (应), deadband setting is recommended (宜). Chapter 6 requires the PFC function itself (6.1) with local/remote enable-disable. 6.6 adds that the PFC power-change amplitude should not (不宜) be limited, and where limiting is necessary the cap shall (应) be not less than 20% of rated power (document p.4; not quoted here). Basis: PN / 额定功率 = rated active power. The formula (1) body is transcribed from the same clause (document p.3), with subscripts flattened, and is not quoted here. | 6.7 + 6.3 |
The clauses this row cites6.7 — “ 电化学储能电站一次调频调差率应为 0.5%～3%。 ” Translation: “ The primary-frequency-control droop of the electrochemical energy storage station shall be 0.5% to 3%. ” (GB/T 36547-2024 电化学储能电站接入电网技术规定, accessed 2026-08-08) 6.3 — “ 电化学储能电站一次调频的死区宜设定为±(0.03～0.05)Hz。当电力系统频率偏差大于死区范围时，电化学储能电站应按照公式(1)调整有功功率输出。 ” Translation: “ The dead band of primary frequency regulation of an electrochemical energy storage station should be set to ±(0.03～0.05)Hz. When the power system frequency deviation is greater than the dead band range, the electrochemical energy storage station shall adjust its active power output in accordance with Formula (1). ” (GB/T 36547-2024 电化学储能电站接入电网技术规定, accessed 2026-08-08) | ||
| PFC response times: delay ≤1 s, rise ≤3 s, settling ≤4 s Frequency response | PFC response delay time ≤1 s, rise time ≤3 s, settling time ≤4 s; once stable, active-power control deviation shall not exceed ±1% of rated power Binds electrochemical energy storage stations directly. Terms are defined in clauses 3.2–3.4 (delay = time to 10% of target change after frequency leaves deadband; rise = time to 90%; settling = time after which deviation stays within allowance — definitions modified from GB/T 40595-2021). Basis of ±1%: rated power (额定功率). | 6.8 |
The clause this row cites6.8 — “ 一次调频响应滞后时间应不大于 1 s，一次调频上升时间应不大于 3 s，一次调频调节时间应不大于 4 s，达到稳定时，有功功率控制偏差不应超过额定功率的±1%。 ” Translation: “ The primary-frequency-control response delay time shall not exceed 1 s, the PFC rise time shall not exceed 3 s, and the PFC settling time shall not exceed 4 s; once stable, the active-power control deviation shall not exceed ±1% of rated power. ” (GB/T 36547-2024 电化学储能电站接入电网技术规定, accessed 2026-08-08) | ||
| Frequency bands 46.5–51.5 Hz with 0.2 s charge/discharge state switching; voltage band 90%–110% UN normal Continuous operating range | Frequency (Table 2): f<46.5 Hz — must not be charging, disconnect per minimum allowed frequency or dispatch instruction; 46.5≤f<48.5 Hz — discharging stations keep discharging continuously, charging/idle stations switch to discharging within 0.2 s; 48.5≤f≤50.5 Hz — normal charge or discharge operation; 50.5<f≤51.5 Hz — charging stations keep charging continuously, discharging/idle stations switch to charging within 0.2 s; f>51.5 Hz — must not be discharging, disconnect per maximum allowed frequency or dispatch instruction. Voltage (Table 1): 90%UN ≤ U ≤ 110%UN — normal operation; below 90%UN LVRT rules apply, above 110%UN HVRT rules apply Binds electrochemical energy storage stations directly, at the grid-connection point (Table 1 note: UN = nominal voltage at POI, U = grid voltage at POI; Table 2 note: f = grid frequency at POI). No time limits are attached inside 46.5–51.5 Hz — the bands are continuous-operation requirements with mandatory operating-state constraints (charge/discharge direction), which is BESS-specific asymmetry: under-frequency forces discharge, over-frequency forces charge, each within 0.2 s. Quote is a row-by-row transcription of Tables 2 and 1 (rows separated by ' | ', range and requirement separated by ' — '); the tables are printed as bordered tables in the source. | 9.3.1, 表2 (Table 2) + 9.1, 表1 (Table 1) |
The clauses this row cites9.3.1, 表2 (Table 2) — “ 电化学储能电站的频率适应性应满足表 2 的要求。 | f<46.5 Hz — 电化学储能电站不应处于充电状态；电化学储能电站应根据允许运行的最低频率或电网调度机构要求与电网脱离 | 46.5 Hz≤f<48.5 Hz — 处于放电状态的电化学储能电站应保持放电状态，连续运行；处于充电状态或静置状态的电化学储能电站应在 0.2 s 内转为放电状态，并持续放电 | 48.5 Hz≤f≤50.5 Hz — 正常充电或放电运行 | 50.5 Hz<f≤51.5 Hz — 处于充电状态的电化学储能电站应保持充电状态，连续运行；处于放电状态或静置状态的储能电站应在 0.2 s 内转为充电状态，并持续充电 | f>51.5 Hz — 电化学储能电站不应处于放电状态；电化学储能电站应根据允许运行的最高频率或电网调度机构要求与电网脱离 ” Translation: “ The frequency adaptability of the electrochemical energy storage station shall meet the requirements of Table 2. | f<46.5 Hz — the station shall not be in the charging state; the station shall disconnect from the grid according to its minimum allowed operating frequency or the requirements of the grid dispatch organization | 46.5 Hz≤f<48.5 Hz — stations in the discharging state shall remain discharging and operate continuously; stations in the charging or idle state shall switch to discharging within 0.2 s and continue discharging | 48.5 Hz≤f≤50.5 Hz — normal charging or discharging operation | 50.5 Hz<f≤51.5 Hz — stations in the charging state shall remain charging and operate continuously; stations in the discharging or idle state shall switch to charging within 0.2 s and continue charging | f>51.5 Hz — the station shall not be in the discharging state; the station shall disconnect from the grid according to its maximum allowed operating frequency or the requirements of the grid dispatch organization ” (GB/T 36547-2024 电化学储能电站接入电网技术规定, accessed 2026-08-08) 9.1, 表1 (Table 1) — “ 电化学储能电站的电压适应性应满足表 1 的要求。 | U<90%UN — 符合低电压穿越的规定 | 90%UN≤U≤110%UN — 正常运行 | 110%UN<U — 符合高电压穿越的规定 | 注：UN 是电化学储能电站并网点处的标称电压，U 是电化学储能电站并网点处电网电压。 ” Translation: “ The voltage adaptability of the electrochemical energy storage station shall meet the requirements of Table 1. | U<90%UN — comply with the low voltage ride-through provisions | 90%UN≤U≤110%UN — normal operation | 110%UN<U — comply with the high voltage ride-through provisions | Note: UN is the nominal voltage at the grid connection point of the electrochemical energy storage station, U is the grid voltage at the grid connection point of the electrochemical energy storage station. ” (GB/T 36547-2024 电化学储能电站接入电网技术规定, accessed 2026-08-08) | ||
| Post-fault active-power recovery rate ≥30% PN/s (not a normal-operation ramp limit) Ramp rate | After fault clearance, stations that stayed connected through a voltage dip should (宜) recover active power at a rate of change not less than 30% PN/s (PN = rated active power, kW or MW) Binds electrochemical energy storage stations directly. This is a minimum recovery ramp after LVRT, not a normal-operation ramp-rate cap — GB/T 36547-2024 states no MW/min or %/min ramp limit for normal charge/discharge operation in any of the sections read for this layer. Modal is 宜 (should/recommended), not 应 (shall). A parallel provision 8.2.3 applies the same 30% PN/s recovery figure after HVRT for stations that did not hold pre-fault active power (document p.7). | 8.1.4 |
The clause this row cites8.1.4 — “ 对电压跌落期间没有与电力系统断开的电化学储能电站，在故障清除后，应具有有功功率快速恢复能力，有功功率恢复的变化率宜不小于 30%PN/s。 ” Translation: “ Electrochemical energy storage stations that did not disconnect from the power system during the voltage dip shall have fast active-power recovery capability after fault clearance; the rate of change of active-power recovery should be not less than 30% PN/s. ” (GB/T 36547-2024 电化学储能电站接入电网技术规定, accessed 2026-08-08) | ||
| RoCoF withstand ±2 Hz/s over a 0.5 s window RoCoF withstand | Within the normal operating frequency range, the station shall remain connected and operating when the rate of change of frequency measured over a 0.5 s time window does not exceed ±2 Hz/s Binds electrochemical energy storage stations directly; frequency assessed at the grid-connection point (Table 2 note defines f as the grid frequency at the POI). The measuring window (0.5 s) is stated explicitly in the clause. | 9.3.2 |
The clause this row cites9.3.2 — “ 电化学储能电站在正常运行频率范围内，在 0.5 s 的时间窗口内的频率变化率不大于±2 Hz/s 时应不脱网连续运行。 ” Translation: “ Within the normal operating frequency range, when the rate of change of frequency within a 0.5 s time window does not exceed ±2 Hz/s, the electrochemical energy storage station shall ride through without disconnecting and continue operating. ” (GB/T 36547-2024 电化学储能电站接入电网技术规定, accessed 2026-08-08) | ||
| Dynamic reactive current: ΔIt = K1×(0.9−Ut)×IN, K1 recommended 1.5–3, ≥1.05 IN capability, 30 ms response Fault-current injection | For three-phase symmetrical faults, when POI voltage < 90% of nominal: injected reactive current = pre-fault value I0 + increment ΔIt, with ΔIt = K1×(0.9−Ut)×IN for 0≤Ut≤0.9; K1 recommended (宜) range 1.5–3; maximum reactive-current output capability during the dip shall be ≥1.05× rated AC-side current IN; dynamic reactive-current response time ≤30 ms from dip onset, and the increment shall be withdrawn within 30 ms after voltage recovers above 90% Binds electrochemical energy storage stations directly, measured at the grid-connection point; basis of current is IN = station AC-side rated current (安/A). Positive ΔIt = inductive (voltage-supporting) reactive output, negative = capacitive (per the symbol definitions under formula (4)). Asymmetrical faults are covered separately in 8.1.3: positive-sequence injection ΔIt+ = K2+×(0.9−Ut+)×IN (0.6≤Ut+≤0.9) and negative-sequence absorption ΔIt− = K2−×Ut−×IN, with K2+, K2− recommended (宜) not less than 1.0 and response time ≤30 ms (document p.6; not quoted here). During HVRT, 8.2.2 requires reactive absorption ΔIt = K3×(Ut−1.1)×IN (1.1≤Ut≤1.3), K3 recommended ≥1.5 (document p.7). Active-vs-reactive priority is not stated as an explicit priority rule in 8.1.2. | 8.1.2 a), 公式(4) + 8.1.2 b)–d) |
The clauses this row cites8.1.2 a), 公式(4) — “ 电力系统发生三相对称故障导致电化学储能电站并网点电压跌落时，电化学储能电站应具备动态无功支撑能力，具体要求如下。 a) 当电化学储能电站并网点电压低于标称电压的 90%时，电化学储能电站向电网输出无功电流应为电压跌落前正常运行时的无功电流值 I0 与动态无功电流增量 ΔIt 之和，动态无功电流增量应响应并网点电压变化，并应满足公式(4)的要求。 ΔIt＝K1×(0.9－Ut)×IN,(0≤Ut≤0.9) ” Translation: “ When a three-phase symmetrical fault in the power system causes a voltage dip at the grid-connection point of the electrochemical energy storage station, the station shall have dynamic reactive-power support capability, with the following specific requirements. a) When the POI voltage is below 90% of nominal voltage, the reactive current the station outputs to the grid shall be the sum of the pre-dip normal-operation reactive current value I0 and the dynamic reactive-current increment ΔIt; the increment shall respond to the POI voltage change and shall satisfy formula (4): ΔIt = K1×(0.9−Ut)×IN, (0≤Ut≤0.9). ” (GB/T 36547-2024 电化学储能电站接入电网技术规定, accessed 2026-08-08) 8.1.2 b)–d) — “ b) 电化学储能电站动态无功电流比例系数 K1 可根据电力系统实际情况确定，取值范围宜为 1.5～3。 c) 并网点电压跌落期间，电化学储能电站无功电流的最大输出能力应不低于储能电站交流侧额定电流 IN 的 1.05 倍。 d) 自并网点电压跌落出现的时刻起，电化学储能电站动态无功电流的响应时间不大于 30 ms；自并网点电压恢复至标称电压 90%以上的时刻起，电化学储能电站应在 30 ms 内退出动态无功电流增量。 ” Translation: “ b) The dynamic reactive current proportionality coefficient K1 of the electrochemical energy storage station may be determined according to the actual conditions of the power system, and the value range should be 1.5～3. c) During a voltage dip at the grid connection point, the maximum output capability of the reactive current of the electrochemical energy storage station shall be not less than 1.05 times the rated current IN on the AC side of the energy storage station. d) From the moment the voltage dip at the grid connection point appears, the response time of the dynamic reactive current of the electrochemical energy storage station is not greater than 30 ms; from the moment the voltage at the grid connection point recovers to above 90% of the nominal voltage, the electrochemical energy storage station shall withdraw the dynamic reactive current increment within 30 ms. ” (GB/T 36547-2024 电化学储能电站接入电网技术规定, accessed 2026-08-08) | ||
Who does China (GB/T 36547-2024) bind, and since when?
Electrochemical energy storage stations connecting at 10(6) kV and above. In force 2024-12-01.
These figures are a reading aid, not legal advice. Grid codes are reissued: verify against the current edition before you design to them.
Curve data last checked against the code on — 66 standards, 130 envelopes, published by bess.engineer under CC BY 4.0.
Questions this page answers about China (GB/T 36547-2024)
- Does China (GB/T 36547-2024) require ride-through, or only that the plant does not trip?
- Ride-through, for the envelopes on this page — that is what each of them is. It is not everything China (GB/T 36547-2024) contains: the clauses quoted under the charts also address when the plant may or must trip. The requirement sentence under each chart says which side of the curve is the compliant one.
- Are the numbers on this page taken from China (GB/T 36547-2024) itself?
- Every breakpoint is read from the code, and where a point was taken off a published figure rather than stated in the clause, the section under that chart says so — on this page that includes an envelope that stops where its published chart stops. The clause each curve came from is quoted under it.
- Which events are charted for China (GB/T 36547-2024)?
- China (GB/T 36547-2024) is charted here with 3 envelopes — low-voltage ride-through, high-voltage ride-through, frequency ride-through (LVRT, HVRT, FRT).
Ride-through, in context.
An envelope is a compliance boundary; understanding why it exists is a different question. The ride-through and grid-forming entries cover the engineering, and the Engineering Foundations course builds it from the physics up.
Elsewhere in Asia-Pacific: Australia (NER / AEMO), New Zealand South Island (EIPC cl 8.25A), Philippines PV (PGC 2016 Fig 4.4), Philippines VRE (PGC 2016 Tables 4.1 & 4.3), Philippines Wind (PGC 2016 Fig 4.2), Singapore (EMA Transmission Code App. F6), and 9 more