Kenya (KNTGC VRPP) ride-through requirements
Low-voltage ride-through, High-voltage ride-through, Frequency ride-through for Kenya. Every breakpoint below is read from the code itself, and where a point was taken off a published figure rather than stated in the clause, the section under that chart says so — an envelope that stops where its published chart stops.
What is the low-voltage ride-through envelope for Kenya (KNTGC VRPP)?
The plant must ride through for any voltage that stays on or above this envelope. The envelope holds 0 pu from t = 0 to 150 ms; then ramps linearly from 0 pu at 150 ms to 0.85 pu at 2 s; then 0.85 pu from 2 s to 3 s; then 0.9 pu from 3 s, plotted to 4 s.
The clause states this boundary as a line; intermediate points are interpolated between its stated vertices. The envelope stops where the published chart stops; the code states no end time.
Applies to Variable renewable power plants at transmission connection
| From | To | Voltage | Between the points |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 150 ms | 0 pu | Held flat |
| 150 ms | 2 s | 0 → 0.85 pu | Ramps linearly |
| 2 s | 3 s | 0.85 pu | Held flat |
| 3 s | plotted to 4 s | 0.9 pu | Held flat |
The clause this came from
Kenya National Transmission Grid Code (KNTGC), clause 7.2.3.1 'Fault Ride-through Requirements for VRPPs', Figure 7-2 'Voltage Must Remain Connected Area', Area B — verified against the KETRACO-published KNTGC Final 30-04-2021 (identical clause numbering and wording to the March-2024 edition cited). The code defines a linear recovery ramp; the vertices are read from the clause and the chart draws the segment between them.
What is the high-voltage ride-through envelope for Kenya (KNTGC VRPP)?
The plant must ride through for any voltage that stays on or below this envelope. The envelope holds 1.2 pu from t = 0 to 2 s; then 1.1 pu from 2 s onward — the last band the envelope defines, with no stated end time.
Every breakpoint is stated in the clause cited below.
Applies to Variable renewable power plants at transmission connection
| From | To | Voltage | Between the points |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 2 s | 1.2 pu | Held flat |
| 2 s | no stated end | 1.1 pu | Held flat |
The clause this came from
KNTGC clause 7.2.3.1(iii), Figure 7-2 Upper Bound / Area D — verified against KNTGC Final 30-04-2021.
What is the frequency ride-through envelope for Kenya (KNTGC VRPP)?
The plant must ride through between the upper and lower bands. The upper (over-frequency) band holds 52 Hz from t = 0 to 20 s; then 51.5 Hz from 20 s to 30 min; then 51 Hz from 30 min to 60 min; then 50.5 Hz from 60 min onward — the last band the envelope defines, with no stated end time. The lower (under-frequency) band holds 47 Hz from t = 0 to 20 s; then 47.5 Hz from 20 s to 3 min; then 48 Hz from 3 min to 30 min; then 49 Hz from 30 min to 60 min; then 49.5 Hz from 60 min onward — the last band the envelope defines, with no stated end time.
Every breakpoint is stated in the clause cited below.
Applies to Variable renewable power plants at transmission connection
Upper limit
| From | To | Frequency | Between the points |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 20 s | 52 Hz | Held flat |
| 20 s | 30 min | 51.5 Hz | Held flat |
| 30 min | 60 min | 51 Hz | Held flat |
| 60 min | no stated end | 50.5 Hz | Held flat |
Lower limit
| From | To | Frequency | Between the points |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 20 s | 47 Hz | Held flat |
| 20 s | 3 min | 47.5 Hz | Held flat |
| 3 min | 30 min | 48 Hz | Held flat |
| 30 min | 60 min | 49 Hz | Held flat |
| 60 min | no stated end | 49.5 Hz | Held flat |
The clause this came from
KNTGC clause 7.2.3.5 and Table 7-1 'Frequency Limits in the Kenya National Transmission System' (plus clause 7.1.3(c) for the 47.0-47.5 Hz / 20 s band) — verified against KNTGC Final 30-04-2021.
Who does Kenya (KNTGC VRPP) bind, and since when?
Variable renewable power plants at transmission connection. No date of effect is published here — grid codes are reissued, so check the current issue before relying on it.
These figures are a reading aid, not legal advice. Grid codes are reissued: verify against the current edition before you design to them.
Digitised operating parameters beyond ride-through — droop, reactive capability, operating ranges — are published for 36 of the 66 codes in this atlas, not yet for Kenya (KNTGC VRPP). That is a gap on this site, not a statement that Kenya (KNTGC VRPP) sets none — the atlas hub marks the codes that carry them.
Curve data last checked against the code on — 66 standards, 130 envelopes, published by bess.engineer under CC BY 4.0.
Questions this page answers about Kenya (KNTGC VRPP)
- Does Kenya (KNTGC VRPP) require ride-through, or only that the plant does not trip?
- Ride-through. Every envelope on this page is a performance duty the plant must meet, not a protection-setting no-trip boundary — they are different obligations. That is what these curves are; they are not everything Kenya (KNTGC VRPP) contains. The requirement sentence under each chart says which side of the curve is the compliant one.
- Are the numbers on this page taken from Kenya (KNTGC VRPP) itself?
- Every breakpoint is read from the code, and where a point was taken off a published figure rather than stated in the clause, the section under that chart says so — on this page that includes an envelope that stops where its published chart stops. The clause each curve came from is quoted under it.
- Which events are charted for Kenya (KNTGC VRPP)?
- Kenya (KNTGC VRPP) is charted here with 3 envelopes — low-voltage ride-through, high-voltage ride-through, frequency ride-through (LVRT, HVRT, FRT).
Ride-through, in context.
An envelope is a compliance boundary; understanding why it exists is a different question. The ride-through and grid-forming entries cover the engineering, and the Engineering Foundations course builds it from the physics up.
Elsewhere in Africa: Morocco (CRENT), Nigeria (TCN Grid Code), South Africa (NRS 097 / RPP)
Other markets: Canada (Alberta AESO), Saudi Arabia (SAGC), India (CEA Connectivity Regs)